Common Architectural Terms Used to Describe Historic Buildings

Common Architectural Terms Used to Describe Historic Buildings

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时间:2019-05-21

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1、CommonArchitecturalTermsUsedtoDescribeHistoricBuildingsBAYS   Thenumberofbaysreferstothewidthofabuildingbycountingthenumberofopenningsincludingbothdoorsandwindows. Ahousewithacenterdoorandawindowoneitherside has3BAYS.BELFRY   Asmallsquarebelltowerplace

2、datoparooftohouseabell,oftenfoundonchurchesandschools.BOARDANDBATTEN  Aconstructionmethodfordoorsorwallsinwhichthewoodisarrangedinverticalboardsandheldinplacewithahorizontalboardcalledabatten.BRACKETS    Ornamentalsupports,usuallyofwoodorpressedmetal,w

3、hichappearatthecornicelineofabuilding. TheymaybeincisedintoascrolledpattenorbemoresimplymoldedandarecommontoallItalinatestylebuildings,butoftenappearwithotherstylesaswell.BULKHEAD   Abulkheadisasetofmetaldoorprovidinganoutdoorentrancetothecellar.BUTTRE

4、SS   Awallsupportusuallyofstoneorbrickplacedatthesidesofabuilding,commonlyseenonsomeGothicRevivalstylechurches.CHAIRRAIL   Achairrailis decorativewoodentrimattachedhorizontallyattheapproximateheightofthebackofastraightchair. CHIMNEYS   Chimneysareusual

5、lybuiltofstoneorbrick(moremodernchimneysmaybeofcinderblock) andarelocatedateithertheexteriorsidewallsofthebuildingoratthecenterorinteriorofthebuilding. Certainvernacularfolkbuildingpatternslocatethechimneyatthecenterofthehouseoratthecorner.CLAPBOARD   

6、Anarrowwoodenboard,thinneratoneedgethantheother,appliedhorizontallytotheexteriorwallsofbuildingstoformaweather-tightwallsurface.COLUMN   Asupportpillar,usuallyround,foundonporchesandasadecorativedetail.COLUMNCAPITALS    Capitalsarethetopsofroundcolumns

7、andmaybeofseveraldistincttypesororders. GreekDoriccapitalsareflutedandplain,RomanDoriccapitalsaresmoothandplain,Ioniccapitalshave a ramshornsatallfourcorners,andaCorinthiancapitalishighlydecorativewithcurlingacanthusleaves.      COPING   Thecappingatth

8、etop ofawallforprotectionfromweatherelements.CORBEL   Adecorativeuseofbrickatopthewindows,wallsorchimneyorto createtheshapeofabracketordentil atthetopofabuildingbeneaththecornice.CORNICE   Acorniceisthefinishededgeofthe roofwhereitmeets

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