严复中英文简介

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1、严复（1853——1921）：tripleprincipleoftranslation信（faithfulness）：忠实准确达（expressiveness）：通顺流畅雅（elegance）：文字古雅Yanfuputforwardthis“threecharacterguide”inhisprefacetothetranslationofT.H.Huxley`sbookEvolutionandEthicsandOtherEssays（《天演论》译例言1898）译事三难信达雅。求其信已大难矣。顾信矣不达。虽译尤不译也。则达尚焉。……易曰修辞立诚。子曰辞达而已。又曰

2、言之无文。行之不远。三者乃文章正轨。亦即为译事楷模。故信达而外。求其尔雅。此不仅期以行远已耳。实则精理微言。用汉以前字法句法。则为达易。用近世利俗文字。则求达雅。往往抑义就词。毫厘千里。审择于斯二者之间。夫固有所不得已。岂钓奇哉。……Translationhastodothreedifficultthings：tobefaithful，expressive，andelegant。Itisdifficultenoughtobefaithfultotheoriginal，andyetifatranslationisnotexpressive，itistantamoun

3、ttohavingnotranslation.Henceexpressivenessshouldberequiredtoo……TheBookofChangessaysthatthefirstrequisiteofrhetoricistruthfulness.Confuciussaysthatexpressivenessisallthatmattersinlanguage。Headdsthatifone`slanguagelacksgrace，itwon`tgofar.Thesethreequalities，then，arethecriteriaofgoodwrit

4、ingand，Ibelieve，ofgoodtranslationtoo.Hencebesidesfaithfulnessandexpressiveness，Ialsoaimatelegance.Istriveforelegancenotjusttomakemytranslationstravelfar，buttoexpresstheoriginalwriter`sideasbetter，forIfindthatsubtlethoughtsarebetterexpressedinthevocabularyandsyntaxofpre-Hanprosethantho

5、seofthevulgarwritingsoftoday.Usingthelatteroftenleadstodistortionofmeaning，which，howeverslight，resultsinvastmisunderstanding.Weighingtheprosandcons，Ioptedfortheformer，asamatterofnecessity，nottryingtobedifferent.……YanFu(simplifiedChinese:严复;traditionalChinese:嚴復;pinyin:YánFù;Wade–Giles

6、:YenFu;courtesyname:JiDao,幾道;8January1854—27October1921)wasaChinesescholarandtranslator,mostfamousforintroducingwesternideas,includingDarwin's"naturalselection,"toChinainthelate19thcentury.LifeYanFustudiedattheFujianArsenalAcademy(福州船政學堂)inFuzhou,FujianProvince.In1877–79hestudiedatthe

7、NavyAcademyinGreenwich,England.UponhisreturntoChina,hewasunabletopasstheImperialCivilServiceExamination,whileteachingattheFujianArsenalAcademyandthenBeiyangNavalOfficers'School(北洋水師學堂)atTianjin.ItwasnotuntilaftertheChinesedefeatintheFirstSino-JapaneseWar(1894–95,foughtforcontrolofKore

8、a)tha