Female power

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1、FemalepowerAcrosstherichworldmorewomenareworkingthaneverbefore.CopingwiththischangewillbeoneofthegreatchallengesofthecomingdecadesTHEeconomicempowermentofwomenacrosstherichworldisoneofthemostremarkablerevolutionsofthepast50years.Itisremarkablebecauseofth

2、eextentofthechange:millionsofpeoplewhowereoncedependentonmenhavetakencontroloftheirowneconomicfates.Itisremarkablealsobecauseithasproducedsolittlefriction:achangethataffectsthemostintimateaspectsofpeople’sidentitieshasbeenwidelywelcomedbymenaswellaswomen

3、.Dramaticsocialchangeseldomtakessuchabenignform.Yetevenbenignchangecancomewithastinginitstail.Socialarrangementshavenotcaughtupwitheconomicchanges.Manychildrenhavepaidapricefortheriseofthetwo-incomehousehold.Manywomen—andindeedmanymen—feelthattheyarecaug

4、htinanever-tighteningtangleofcommitments.Iftheempowermentofwomenwasoneofthegreatchangesofthepast50years,dealingwithitssocialconsequenceswillbeoneofthegreatchallengesofthenext50.AttheendofhercampaigntobecomeAmerica’sfirstfemalepresidentin2008,HillaryClint

5、onremarkedthather18mvotesintheDemocraticParty’sprimariesrepresented18mcracksintheglassceiling.Inthemarketforjobsratherthanvotestheceilingisbeingcrackedeveryday.WomennowmakeupalmosthalfofAmericanworkers(49.9%inOctober).Theyrunsomeoftheworld’sbestcompanies

6、,suchasPepsiCo,ArcherDanielsMidlandandW.L.Gore.Theyearnalmost60%ofuniversitydegreesinAmericaandEurope.Progresshasnotbeenuniform,ofcourse.InItalyandJapanemploymentratesformenaremorethan20percentagepointshigherthanthoseforwomen(seechart1).AlthoughItaly’sfe

7、maleemploymentratehasrisenmarkedlyinthepastdecade,itisstillbelow50%,andmorethan20percentagepointsbelowthoseofDenmarkandSweden(chart2).Womenearnsubstantiallylessthanmenonaverageandareseverelyunder-representedatthetopoforganisations.Thechangeisdramaticneve

8、rtheless.Agenerationagoworkingwomenperformedmenialjobsandwereroutinelysubjectedtocasualsexism—as“MadMen”,atelevisiondramaaboutadvertisingexecutivesintheearly1960s,demonstratesbrilliantly.Todaywomenmakeupthemajorityofprofes