Light a CANDLE

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1、XMU-SERRealstrongrealstrong@hotmail.comoutline1.Excessneutron2.TheCANDLEburnupstrategy3.Mathematicalexplanationandanalysismethod4.Parametricstudiesofinequilibriumstate5.Futureidealnuclearenergysystem6.Smalllong-lifeCANDLEreactors7.InitiationofCAN

2、DLEburning8.Problemswithhighburnup9.Increasingthepowerdensity1.ExcessneutronDoesinstabilityimplygreaterstability?Neutronisunstable,thehalf-lifeofitis10.4minutes.Buttheinstabilityisessentialforourexistenceintheuniverse.nuclearfissionThelargestatomicn

3、ucleusthatoccursnaturallyontheearthisU-238,whichhas146neutronsand92protons.Asthenucleussizeincreases,thenucleusareunstable.Neutronscanreadilycauseanuclearreactionssincetheyareneutral.Thelow-energyneutronsaremorelikelytocauseanuclearreactionbecauseofqu

4、antumeffects.Anucleuswithevennumbersofneutronsandprotonsismorestable.ThepeakofstabilityislocatedaroundFe.Uislocatedattheheaviestend.ChainreactionsNeutronmultiplicationfactor(keff)Infinite-mediumneutronmultiplicationfactor(k∞)Burnup:fuelconsumption

5、Burningcontrol:controlrodburnablepoisonchemicalstimNeutroneconomyThenumberofgeneratedneutronsperneutronabsorption(η,read”eta”)oneimportanttaskforreactorengineersistomaximizethevaluableutilizationsofneutronsfortheconditionk=1.CANDLEreactorrequireanexce

6、llentneutroneconomy.2.CANDLEburnupstrategyCANDLE:ConstantAxialshapeofNeutronflux,nuclidedensitiesandpowerprofileDuringLifeofEnergy.Alsoimpliescandle-likeburnup.Asshowninrightfigure.TheprincipleofCANDLEburningintheequilibriumstateCANDLEburningoccursin

7、acoredesignedtohavek∞.k∞ofthefuelvarieswithincreasingneutronfluenceshowninfollowingfigure.k∞ofFreshfuelislessthanunity,itincreasewithincreasingburnup,exceedingunity.Afterreachingamaximum,itdecreases,becominglessthanunity.Freshfuelisontheleft-handside

8、andspentfuelisontheright-handside.k∞increaseswithburnupontheleft-handsideanddecreasesontheright.Consequently,thepeakofk∞isshiftedtotheleft.Themaxneutronfluxislocatednearthek∞peak.Andk∞issmallfarfromthepeak,lessthanunityandburnu