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1、OxfordDevelopmentStudies,Vol.31,No.1,2003KickingAwaytheLadder:InfantIndustryPromotion1inHistoricalPerspectiveHA-JOONCHANG*ABSTRACTThisarticleintroducesanewdimensioninthedebateoninfantindustrypromotionbypointingoutthat,historically,thedevelopedcountriesthemselvesdidnotdeveloponthebasisof
2、freetradepolicyandlaissez-faireindustrialpolicythattheycurrentlyrecommendto,orevenforceupon,thedevelopingcountries.Itfirstcriticallyexaminestheofficialhistoryofcapitalism,whichseesthelastfewcenturiesasacontinuous,ifsometimesdisrupted,advanceofthefreetradesystem.Thenitshowshowvirtuallyallo
3、ftodaysdevelopedcountries,especiallytheUKandtheUSA,thesupposedhomesoffreetrade,usedtariffprotectionandsubsidiestodeveloptheirindustrieswhentheywereincatching-uppositions.Itthencriticizestheorthodoxcounter-argumentthat,whileusingprotectionintheearlydaysoftheireconomicdevelopment,todaysde
4、velopedcountriesneveruseditasmuchastodaysdevelopingcountrieshavedone.Finally,pointingoutthatthesupposedlygoodpoliciesoffreetradeandlaissez-faireindustrialpolicyhaveledtoacollapseingrowthinthedevelopingcountriesduringthelasttwodecades,thearticlearguesforatotalrethinkontradepolicyand,more
5、broadly,developmentstrategy,fordevelopingcountries.Aboveall,itrecommendsthattheglobalrulesneedtoberewritteninsuchawaythatdevelopingcountriesareallowedmoreactivelytousetariffsandsubsidiesforinfantindustrypromotioninaccordancewiththeirdevelopmentstrategy.1.IntroductionThereiscurrentlygrea
6、tpressureondevelopingcountriesfromthedevelopedcountries,andtheinternationaldevelopmentpolicyestablishment(IDPE)thattheycontrol,toadoptasetofgoodpoliciestofostertheireconomicdevelopment.Asiswellknown,thesegoodpoliciesbasicallyconsistofconservativemacroeconomicpolicy,liberaliza-tionofinte
7、rnationaltradeandinvestment,privatizationandderegulation.2Therehavebeenheateddebatesonwhethertheserecommendedpoliciesareappropriateforthedevelopingcountries.However,curiously,evenmanyofthosewhoarescepticaloftheirapplicabilitytodevelopingcountriestakeitforgrantedthatthesewerethe
