UNIT TWO法律英语

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1、UNITTWOINTERNATIONALDIVOICE:LITIGATINGMARITALPROPERTYANDSUPPORTRIGHTSSectionAJurisdictionandProcedureinInternationalDivorceLitigation1JurisdictionfordivorceorseparationproceedingsintheUnitedStatesisbasedonresidenceordomicile.Acourtinthestatewhereapetitionerisresidentordomiciledma

2、yenteranex-partedivorcedecree,evenifithasnobasisforexercisingpersonaljurisdictionovertherespondent.Thecourtmusthavefullpersonaljurisdictionoverbothparties,however,toenterordersconcerningspousalsupportandmaritalpropertydivision.Subjectmatterjurisdictionoverdivorceanditsfinancialin

3、cidentsisconferredbystatestatutes.2Underthisruleofdivisibledivorcejurisdiction,anex-partedivorcedecreebasedonthepetitioner'sdomicileorresidencewithintheforumstateisentitledtofullfaithandcreditineverystate.Courtordersconcerningmaritalpropertyandsupportrightsarenotentitledtofullfai

4、thandcredit,however,unlesstheforumcourthadpersonaljurisdictionovertherespondent.Basedonthesamepolicies,courtsintheUnitedStatesgiveeffecttomanyforeignex-partedivorcedecreesasamatterofcomity,butdonotrecognizeandenforcefinancialordersenteredbyaforeigncourtunlessthatcourthadfullperso

5、naljurisdiction.3Courtshaveseveralmeansofacquiringpersonaljurisdictionoverthepartiestoadivorceorseparationaction.Byfilinganactionwithacourt,thepetitionersubmitstothecourt'spersonaljurisdiction.Thecourtmayobtainpersonaljurisdictionoverarespondentbasedonhisorherresidenceordomicilew

6、ithinthestate.Forjurisdictionalpurposes,courtsconstrueresidenceanddomicilegenerouslyinthiscontext,extendingtheirauthoritytoindividualswholiveonlypart-timewithinthestate.Acourtmayalsoexercisepersonaljurisdictionbasedonarespondent'sgeneralappearanceinaproceeding,andarespondentwhofi

7、lesaresponsivepleadingwithoutobjectingtojurisdictionistypicallydeemedtohavewaivedanyofthesedefenses.4Morecontroversially,astatecourtmayexercisepersonaljurisdictionoverarespondentwhoispersonallyservedwithprocesswithintheforumstate.Theleadingcaseonthistypeof"tagjurisdiction"isBurnh

8、amv.SuperiorCourtofCalifornia,whichuphel