预警和应急系统重要组成部分

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1、IMPORTANTCOMPONENTSOFEARLYWARNINGandEMERGENCYRESPONSESYSTEMS(EWERS)预警和应急系统的重要组成部分•ByMichaelJackman/麦克·杰克曼•PollutionControlExpert(EUChinaRiverBasinManagementProject)污染控制专家（中欧流域管理项目）Overview/概述ThereareatleastninecomponentsofEWERS.Fourimportantonesare:预警和应急系统至少包括九个组成部分。其中，最重要的四部分为：1)

2、Monitoring/监测2)Preparedness-Contingencies/应急准备3)ChemicalManagement/化学品信息管理4)Remediation补救措施1)Monitoring/监测VEmergencyMonitoringSchedules/应急监测时间表VIntegratedtransboundarywatermonitoringsystems/综合的跨界水质监测系统VApplycomputermodelspollutantmigrationetc.monitoringcancheckmodels/应用计算机模型来预测污染物

3、迁移速度等VAutomaticMonitoringstationsadapted/自动监测站全面戒备VConsidersurrogateparametersandsecondarypollutants/考虑替代参数和二次污染物VAlertallwatermonitoringstakeholders/提醒所有水监测相关人员给予注意1)Monitoring/监测BiologicalEmergencyWarningSystems(BEWS)FishMonitor1)Monitoring/监测FishMonitor1)Monitoring/监测MusselBiol

4、ogicalMonitor1)Monitoring/监测BiologicalEarlyWarningonRhine1)Monitoring/监测OnlineDataManagement:ProjexTableGrabberDatabase(SQLserver)F:dataalgae60911at.datProjexTableGrabberF:datadaphnia60911dp.cv1(www.projex.nl)F:datadaphnia60911dp.cv2F:datatoxc20060911.bac*Dataselect

5、ionpossibleF:datafish20061109.vis*Alarmorprocessthresholdscanbesetateachsignalordatapoint*Delayscanbesetbeforeobtainingarealalarm*Combinationofdatafor1specificalarmcanbeset1)Monitoring/监测OnlineAlarmManagement:ProjexMessengerTableGrabber*Signalexceedsathreshold*EachBEWShasaspeci

6、ficSMSmessagewiththesignalthatpresentedthealarm*Alarmorprocesssignalscanbesenttodifferentusers(Operator,R&D,Manager)*Messengercanalsopresentalarmwhenanapplicationhasbeenstopped*Allalarmsaresavedinhistoryfile1)Monitoring/监测2+Toxcontrol->Controlstandardis10mg/lZn(measuredevery10surf

7、acewatermeasurements,automatically)Fishmonitoranddaphniamonitor:nosuitablecontrolmeasurementpresent1)Monitoring/监测Reliabilityoftheinstrument:AlgaeToximetercontrolstandard:5µg/lDiuronmeasuredautomaticallyevery13surfacewatermeasurements1)Monitoring/监测AlarmProtocolNSMSmessagetolabora

8、torytechnician(standbyshift)*Exam