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1、英语专业毕业论文写作烟台大学文经学院外语系英语教研室学术论文的语体特征学术论文的基本结构学术论文写作的规范1.1学术论文的语体特征正式性（MoreFormalExpressions）客观性（MoreObjectiveExpressions）学术性（MoreAcademicExpressions）Ex.1-1Inthispaper,we’vegivenareasonwhythecompetitiveabilityofthenationalfirmscangetverycheaplabor,underthesametechnicalandeconomicconditionsandth
2、esamecost,anon-nationalfirmcanproducemoreoutputthananationalfirmdoes.Soitcangetmuchmoreprofit.Inthisway,thecompetitiveabilityofthenon-nationalfirmisstrongerthanthatofthenationalfirm.Ex.1-2Thepaperindicatesthereasonfortheweaknessofthecompetitiveabilitofthenationalfirms.Sincethenon-nationalfirm
3、scanobtainverycheaplabor,underthesametechnicalandeconomicconditionsandthesamecost,anon-nationalfirmcanproducemoreoutputthananationalfirmdoes.Thereforeitcanachievemuchmoreprofit,andthecompetiveabilityofthenon-nationalfirmisstongerthanthatofthenationalfirm.Avoidinformalwordsandexpressions,e.g.“
4、get”,“goon”,“lookinto”,‘turnout”,etc.Avoidabbreviatedwordsusedininformalwriting,e.g.“ad”(advertisement).“gym”(gymnasium),“pop”(popular),“vet”(veteran),etc.Avoidcontractedsturctures,e.g.“we’ve”,“you’re”,“don’t”“can’t”,etc.Avoidusingthesecond-personpronoun(you)inaddressingthereader.Avoidimperat
5、ivesentencessuchas“please…”“let’s,”etc.Avoidtoomanyshortsentencesandsimplesentences.Avoidconversationalstructures,e.g.“Ithink,”“youwill”,etc.HowtobeformalEx1-3:Wecarriedoutanexperimenttoinvestigatetheeffectoflightonplantgrowth.Anexperimentwascarriedouttoinvestigatetheeffectoflightonplantgrowt
6、h.Ex1-4:Weanalyzetheexperimentandwhatwefoundmadeusrealizethatthetechniqueisquitecomplex.Theexperimrntalanaysisshowedtechnicalcomplexity.1.Therearemanysentencesinpassivevoiceinacademicpapers.Thereasonisthatpassivevoicecangivethepaperasenseofimpartialityandobjectivity.2.Nominalstructures(名词性结构)
7、areoftenseeninacademicwritingtoservethepurposeofbeingobjectiveHowtobeobjective1.Theargumentwillbemoreconvincingiftheyarepresentedconcisely,coherently,andobjectively.2.Thethoughtsandideawillbeacceptableifarrangedlogicallyandcoherently.Howtobea
