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1、IntestinalobstructionDefinationAblockadeoftheflowofintestinalcontent. Anatomic,functionalchangesbutalsosystemicallyphysiologicdisorders.ClinicalmanifestationscomplicatedMostcommonemergencydiseaseEtiologyandclassification1.Accordingtoitsbasiccauses:mechanical,dynamicobstruction,andobsturctionofvas
2、cularsupplyorigin1).Mechanicalobstructionfromlesionswithinthewalloftheintestine,intrinsicfromextra-intestinallesions,extrinsicfromobstructingintra-luminalsubstances.congenital,inflammatory,neoplastic,ortraumaticorigin. postoperativeadhesions,congenitalorigin,HeniasIntra-luminalforeignbodies2).Dyn
3、amicobstruction（paralytic）Nervalreflexortoxinstimulation—muscledisorderacutediffuseperitonitis,abdominaloperation,retroperitonealhematomaandinfection.Spasticobstructioninintestinalfunctionaldisorderortoxication.3).Obstructionofbloodsupplyoriginthrombosisorembolism,thenintestinalparalysis.2.Accord
4、ingtowhetherthevascularsupplytointestinalwalliscompromised,Simpleandstrangulationobstruction.Simpleobstruction, mechanicalwithoutthreattotheviabilityStrangulationobstruction, thevascularsupplyiscompromised. Notrelieved,leadstoinfarction3.Accordingtoobstructionlevelorsite.Proximal,distalintestinal
5、,orlargebowelobstruction,orhighandlowobstruction4.AccordingtotheextentofobstructionIncompleteandcompleteobstruction,5.Accordingtomodeofonsetandprogressionofobstruction.AcuteandchronicobstructionPathophysiologyMotilityofthesmallintestineTheintestinecontractsvigorously Thepatientcrampyabdominalpain
6、 Finallytheintestinedilated.Absorptionandsecretionwaterandelectrolytesaccumulate. adecreaseinabsorption, anincreaseinintestinalsecretion.InfectionandtoxemiaThebacteriaproliferate,producetoxin. Vascularsupplyorviabilitycompromisedbacteria,toxindiffuse severeperitonitisandtoxemia.ShockSeveredehydra
7、tion, decreaseofbloodvolume electrolyticdisturbance, acid-baseimbalance, bacterialinfectionandtoxemia,ClinicalmanifestationsNauseaandvomiting ColickyabdominalpainObstipationAbdominaldistention.Theironsetvariesnotonlywi
