肌学总论、脉管学神经系概述

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1、第三章Myology肌学Introduction肌根据构造不同可分为smoothmuscle平滑肌cardiacmuscle心肌skeletalmuscle骨骼肌心肌和平滑肌属于不随意肌involuntarymuscle，骨骼肌为voluntarymuscle随意肌 。每块肌都是一个器官，都有一定的位置、形态、结构和血管、神经 。他们大多附着于骨和关节的周围，收缩和舒张产生运动 。全身的肌按所在的部位可分为Musclesofhead头肌Musclesofneck颈肌Musclesoftrunk躯干肌Musclesofupperlimb上肢肌Musclesoflowerloimb下

2、肢肌MuscleBelly肌腹Tendon肌腱阔肌aponeurosis腱膜轮匝肌二腹肌Tendinousintersections腱划Structure:根据形态,肌可分为Longmuscle长肌Shortmuscle短肌Flatemuscle阔肌Orbicularmuscle轮匝肌Shapeandstructureofskeletalmuscles肌的形态和构造Theorigin,insertionandfunction肌的起止和作用insertionorigin三、肌的辅助装置（一）Fascia筋膜Superficialfascia浅筋膜Deepfascia深筋膜（二）Sy

3、novialBursa滑膜囊（三）TendinousSheath腱鞘Fibrouslayer纤维层Synoviallayer滑膜层（腱滑膜鞘）mesotendon腱系膜CompositionCardiovascularsystem（CVS）心血管系统Lymphaticsystem淋巴系统CompositionheartarteryveinCapillary毛细血管lymphaticsystemlymphconductingchannelslymphoidorgans:lymphoidtissue：CVSlymphaticcapillarylymphaticvessellympha

4、tictrunklymphaticductLymphnode淋巴结,tosil,扁桃体,spleen脾,thymus胸腺.Reticulartissue(网状组织)andWBC(白细胞）.situatedinthewalloftherespiratary-alimentarytracts.ThecardiovascularsystemThecardiovascularsystemOrganizationHeart心:isadynamicorganofthecardiovascularsystem.Artery动脉:carrybloodawayfromtheheart.Veins静

5、脉:carrybloodbacktotheheart.Capillary毛细血管BloodcirculationSystemiccirculation体循环leftventricle→aortaanditsbranches→capillariesofbody→superiorandinferiorvenacava→rightatrium.Pulmonarycirculation肺循环rightventricle→pulmonarya.→capillariesoflung→pulmonaryv.→rightatrium.Vascularanastomosis血管吻合Anastomo

6、sisbetweenarterialtranks.Anastomosisbetweenveins.Arteriovenousanastomosis动静脉吻合.Collateralvessels侧副管.Circulation侧支循环.RectalvenousplexusTheArteriesBilateralsymmetry对称.Thearteriesofthetrunkconsistofparietalandvisceralbranches(壁支和脏支).Shortestpossiblecourse.Runonflexorsurfaces.Togetherwiththeveins

7、andnervesinasheathoffasciatoformneurovascularbundle(血管神经束).ArteriesofpulmonarycirculationPulmonarytrunk肺动脉干.Arisesfromrightventricle.Bifurcatesintorightandleftpulmonaryarteries.Arteriallig动脉韧带:Afibrouscordwhichisconnectedbetweentheleftpulmona