细胞和组织的适应与损伤

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1、Chapter1adaptationandinjuryoftissueandcelladaptationandinjuryoftissueandcell1.whatisadaptation?define:atrophy,hypertrophy,hyperplasia,metaplasia.departmentofpathology2.describethemechanismsofdamageoftissueandcell3.describethemainmorphologicalchangeofdegenerationdepartmentofpathology4.tissuenec

2、rosis:define;morphologicalchange;describethemechanismsofcelldeathandhistologicaltypesofnecrosis;thekeydifferencebetweennecrosisandapoptosis;outcomeoftissuenecrosisdepartmentofpathologyadaptationandinjuryoftissueandcellinsideand/oroutsidestimulatethefactortissueandcelladaptationinjurymetabolism

3、+function+morphologydepartmentofpathologySection1:adaptationAtrophy---Atrophyisthedecreaseinsizeofanorganorcellbyreductionincellsizeand/orreductionincellnumber,oftenbyamechanisminvolvingapoptosis.cellsizeand/ornumberdepartmentofpathologyAtrophyoccursphysiologicalconditionspathologicconditionsd

4、epartmentofpathologynormalEndocrineatrophydepartmentofpathologyAtrophyofbraindepartmentofpathologycardiacatrophyNormaldepartmentofpathologyatrophyofmyocardialcellsdepartmentofpathologyMuscularatrophydepartmentofpathologydepartmentofpathologyHypertrophy:cellsize(physicalvolume)physiologicalhype

5、rtrophypathologicalhypertrophycompensatoryhypertrophyendocrinehypertrophydepartmentofpathologyPhysiologicalhypertrophy1departmentofpathologyhypertrophynormalatrophydepartmentofpathologycardiachypertrophy(compensatory)endocrinehypertrophyhyperplasia:increaseincellnumberbymitosisincreasetissueor

6、organsizethestimuliforhypertrophyandhyperplasiaareverysimilardepartmentofpathologyhyperplasiahypertrophycombinedhypertrophyandhyperplasiadepartmentofpathologydepartmentofpathologyIncreasingitssizewithoutcellreplication(hypertrophy)Increasingitsnumbersbycelldivision(hyperplasia)departmentofpath

7、ologymetaplasia:isthetransformationofonematuredifferentiatedcelltypeintoanotherusuallyinresponsetoanirritatingstimuluse.g.smokingbronchialepitheliummetaplasiadepartmentofpathologySquamousmetaplasiaofthebronchusdepartmentofpathologyimpor