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1、生物多样性2012,20(2):215–223Doi:10.3724/SP.J.1003.2012.09138BiodiversitySciencehttp://www.biodiversity-science.net川西亚高山/高山森林大型土壤动物群落多样性及其对季节性冻融的响应*谭波吴福忠杨万勤夏磊杨玉莲王奥(四川农业大学生态林业研究所林业生态工程重点实验室,四川温江611130)摘要:为了解季节性冻融及其变化对土壤动物群落特征的影响,于2008年11月–2009年10月的冬季(土壤冻融期、冻结期和融化期)及植被生长季节,研究了不同岷江冷杉(Abiesfaxoniana)林
2、的大型土壤动物群落特征。共采集大型土壤动物10,763只,隶属于91科。冬季与生长季节土壤动物群落结构存在显著差异:冬季以长角毛蚊科幼虫和尖眼蕈蚊科幼虫为优势类群,大蚊科幼虫、苔甲科和蠓科幼虫等为常见类群;而生长季节以蚁科、隐翅甲科、长角毛蚊科幼虫和异蛩目为优势类群,原铗叭科、蝇科幼虫和石蜈蚣目等为常见类群。土壤动物群落个体密度、类群数量和多样性指数(H')随冻融格局变化表现出先降低后升高的趋势,在土壤融化期达到了一个明显高峰值。冬季土壤动物以腐食性类群为主,捕食性和植食性功能类群在融化末期(4月25日)和生长季节初期(5月25日)显著增加。研究结果表明冻融循环和冻结作用显著影
3、响土壤动物群落结构,季节转换过程中土壤动物群落的变化可能对深入认识冬季和生长季节生态过程的相互关系具有重要意义。关键词:冬季生态学,冻融循环,生物多样性,AbiesfaxonianaSoilmacro-faunacommunitydiversityanditsresponsetoseasonalfreeze–thawinthesubalpine/alpineforestsofwesternSichuan*BoTan,FuzhongWu,WanqinYang,LeiXia,YulianYang,AoWangKeyLaboratoryofEcologicalForestryEngi
4、neering,InstituteofEcologicalForestry,SichuanAgriculturalUniversity,Wenjiang,Sichuan611130Abstracts:Inordertounderstandtheeffectsofseasonalfreeze–thawonthestructureofsoilmacro-faunalcommunity,weconductedafieldexperimentinthreerepresentativefir(Abiesfaxoniana)forestsatdifferentelevationsinthe
5、subalpine/alpineforestsofwesternSichuan.Thecomposition,abundance,anddiversityofsoilmacro-faunalcommunitywereinvestigatedinwinter(includingonsetofsoilfreezingperiod,soilfrozenperiod,andsoilthawingperiod)andgrowingseasonofvegetationfromNovember2008toOctober2009.Atotalof10,763individualswerecol
6、lectedand,accordingtopreliminaryidentification,theybelongedto91families.Therewereobviousdifferencesinsoilmacro-faunalcommunitystructurebetweenwinterandgrowingseason.ThedominantgroupsinwinterconsistedofHesperinidaeandSciaridae,whiletheordinarygroupsconsistedofTipulidae,ScydmaenidaeandCeratopo
7、gonidae.However,thedominantgroupsingrow-ingseasonconsistedofFormicidae,Staphylinidae,HesperinidaeandSpirostreptida,andtheordinarygroupsconsistedofLithobiomorpha,ProjapygidaeandMuscidae.Moreover,individualdensity,numberoftaxo-nomicgroups,andShannon-
