英语语言学笔记-(24272)

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1、第一章Chapter1InvitationstoLinguisticsTeachingaims:letthestudentshavethegeneralideaaboutlanguageandlinguistics.Teachingdifficulties:designfeaturesoflanguage;someimportantdistinctionsinlinguisticsTeachingprocedures1.language1.1Whystudylanguage?为什么学习语言Atoolforcommunication交流的工具Anintegralpartofourlife

2、andhumanity人类生活和人性中不可或缺的一部分.Ifwearenotfullyawareofthenatureandmechanismofourlanguage,wewillbeignorantofwhatconstitutesouressentialhumanity.如果不能完全理解语言的本质和结构,我们就会对人类的本质一无所知.1.2Whatislanguage?什么是语言1.2.1differentsensesoflanguage语言的不同意义1.whatapersonsays(concreteactofspeech)aperson’sconsistentwayofspe

3、akingorwritingaparticularlevelofspeakingorwritinge.g.colloquiallanguageanabstractsystem2.Awebster’sNewDictionraryoffersafrequentlyusedsenseoftheword“language”:a.humanspeech人类的言语b.theabilitytocommunicatebythismeans通过言语来交流的能力c.asystemofvocalsoundsandcombinationsofsuchsoundstowhichmeaningisattribut

4、ed,usedfortheexpressionorcommunicationofthoughtsandfeelings;用来表达或交流思想和感觉的一套声音及这些声音互相结合的系统d.thewrittenrepresentationofsuchasystem系统的文字表达3.thebarestofdefinition,languageisameansofverbalcommunication.最简洁的定义:语言是言语交流的一种方式.Languageisinstrumentalinthatcommunicatingbyspeakingorwritingisapurposefulact.It

5、issocialandconventionalinthatlanguageisasocialsemiosticandcommunicationcanonlytakeplaceeffectivelyifalltheusersshareabroadunderstandingofhumaninteractionincludingsuchassociatedfactorsasnonverbalcues,motivation,andsocio-culturalroles.Languagedistinguishesusfromanimals.因为说和写的交流方式是一种有目的的行为,所以语言是实用性

6、的;因为语言是社会符号,语言的交流只能在所有参与者广泛理解了人类的那些非言语的暗示,动机,社会文化角色等等互相关联的因素之后才能有效进行,因此语言又是社会的,约定俗成的.语言使人类区别于动物.1.2.2definitionsLanguageisasystemofarbitraryvocalsymbolsusedforhumancommunication.Whatiscommunication?Aprocessinwhichinformationistransmittedfromasource(senderorspeaker)toagoal(receiverorlistener).Asy

7、stem----sinceelementsinitarearrangedaccordingtocertainrulessystematically,ratherthanrandomly.Theycannotbearrangedatwill.e.g.Hethetablecleaned.(×)bkli(×)Whydowesaylanguageisarbitrary?Arbitrary----thereisnointrinsic(logic)conn