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1、EcientFocusingandFaceDetectionyzYaliAmit,DonaldGemanandBrunoJedynakOctober1997TechnicalReportno.459DepartmentofStatisticsUniversityofChicagoAbstractWepresentanalgorithmforshapedetectionandapplyittofrontalviewsoffacesinstillgreylevelimageswitharbitrarybackgrounds.Detectionisdoneintwostages:(
2、i)focusing,"duringwhicharelativelysmallnumberofregions-of-interestareidenti ed,minimizingcom-putationandfalsenegativesatthe(temporary)expenseoffalsepositivesand(ii)intensiveclassi cation,"duringwhichaselectedregion-of-interestislabeledfaceorbackgroundbasedonmultipledecisiontreesandnormalize
3、ddata.Incontrasttomostdetectionalgorithms,theprocessingisthenveryhighlyconcentratedintheregionsnearfacesandnearfalsepositives.Focusingisbasedonspatialarrangementsofedgefragments.We rstde neanenormousfamilyofthese,allinvariantoverawiderangeofphotometricandgeometrictransformations.Then,usingonl
4、yexamplesoffaces,weselectparticulararrangementswhicharemorecomoninfacesthaningeneralbackgrounds.Thesecondphaseistexture-basedwerecursivelypartitionatrainingsetconsistingofregisteredandstandardizedregions-of-interestofbothfacesandnon-faces.Thefacetrainingdataconsistof30individuals,10imagesperp
5、erson,obtainedfromtheOllivettidatabase.Theprocessingtime(onaUltraSparc2)isunderasecondforatestimageofsize100100,andscaleslinearlywiththesizeoftheimage.Weachieveafalsepositiverateofabout.2per10000pixelsweestimateafalsenegativerateof10%.DepartmentofStatistics,UniversityofChicago,Chicago,IL,60
6、637Email:amit@galton.uchicago.edu.SupportedinpartbytheArmyResearchOceundergrantDAAH04-96-1-0061andtheDepartmentofDefensegrantDAAH04-96-1-0445.yDepartmentofMathematicsandStatistics,UniversityofMassachusetts,Amherst,MA01003Email:geman@math.umass.edu.SupportedinpartbytheNSFundergrantDMS-92176
7、55,ONRundercon-tractN00014-91-J-1021,andtheArmyResearchOce(MURI)undergrantDAAH04-96-1-0445.zDepartmentofStatistics,UniversityofChicago,Chicago,IL,60637Email:bruno@galton.uchicago.edu.Sup-portedinpartbytheArmyResearchOceundergrantDAAH04-96-
