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1、OntheEmancipationandSublimationofHumanismintheEvolutionofVampireinWesternFictions从西方小说中吸血鬼形象的演变看人性的解放和升华AbstractInwesternworld,thelegendofvampirehasbeeninexistencesincethebirthofhistory.Afterthat,literatureandmoviesonvampiresareenduringandprosperousthr
2、oughcenturies.Vampirecultureplaysanimportantroleinthewesternmassculturaltraditions,andhasgreatinfluenceonthem.Oneofthemostwell-knownproductsisthefictionDracula(1897)writtenbyIrelandauthorBramStokeattheendof19thcentury.Thereareover100adaptationswhichare
3、basedonthefiction.Therefore,StokeisregardedasthefounderofvampirefictionsandtheimageofDraculadominatesinpeople’smindastheauthoritativeandprototypicalimageofvampires.Nevertheless,AnneRice,anAmericancontemporarywriter,wroteTheVampireChroniclesattheendof20
4、thcentury,whichiscalledtheBibleofvampiresbyvampirefansandvampireresearchers.Sheoverthrowsthetraditionalrigidfigureofthevampire,revealsthetruthofrealisticworldbydescribingunrealisticworld,digsarcanumofthedeephumannaturefromvampires’innerbeing,andthenref
5、lectscertainlayersoftheexistentstate.ItisundeniablethatRicehasinheritedandalsorevolutionizedtheimageofthevampireinDracula.Bycomparingandanalyzingthedifferencebetweentheimageandfeatureofthetwogroupofvampires,wecanfindthateveryagedoesindeedseemtoembrace“
6、thevampirethatitneeds”(GordonandHollinger,1997:1),becauseeachofthemreflectsthecultureoftheiragetoalargeextent.Andbyexaminingtheevolutionofvampires,wecangrasptheemancipationandsublimationofhumanisminthetwocenturies.Asthetwoworksarerepresentativeandinflu
7、entialateachage,thisthesishereinterpretsandanalyzesthetransformationoftheirculturalbackgroundstopresentthedevelopmentofhumanisminwesternsocietyfrom19thcenturyto20thcentury.Keywords:vampire；humanism；comparison；culture；evolution摘要在西方世界，关于吸血鬼的传说有史以来便存在。之后
8、，以吸血鬼为题材的文学和电影便经久不衰，几个世纪以来仍欣欣向荣。吸血鬼文化在西方大众文化传统中占据着举足轻重的地位，并对之有不可小觑的影响力。爱尔兰19世纪末作家布兰姆·斯托克于1897年所著的小说《德库拉》是其中最著名的作品之一。之后大约有100多部基于该小说所作的改写本。斯托克因此被公认为吸血鬼小说的奠基者，而德库拉的形象也因此扎根于读者的头脑中成为吸血鬼的原型。20世纪末，美国当代作家安妮·赖斯，撰写了一部恢宏的系列小说《吸血鬼编年史》，它被吸血鬼爱好者和专家誉
