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1、新编化学化工专业英语InorganicChemistryInorganicchemistryisthebranchofchemistryconcernedwiththepropertiesandreactionsofinorganiccompounds.Thisincludesallchemicalcompoundsexceptthemanywhicharebaseduponchainsorringsofcarbonatoms,whicharetermedorganiccompoundsandarestudiedunderthese
2、parateheadingoforganicchemistry.Thedistinctionbetweenthetwodisciplinesisnotabsoluteandthereismuchoverlap,mostimportantlyinthesub-disciplineoforganometallicchemistry.1KeyconceptsThebulkofinorganiccompoundsoccurassalts,thecombinationofcationsandanionsjoinedbyionicbonding
3、.ExamplesofcationsaresodiumNa+,andmagnesiumMg2+andexamplesofanionsareoxideO2−andchlorideCl−.Assaltsareneutrallycharged,theseionsformcompoundssuchassodiumoxideNa2OormagnesiumchlorideMgCl2.Theionsaredescribedbytheiroxidationstateandtheireaseofformationcanbeinferredfromth
4、eionizationpotential(forcations)orfromtheelectronaffinity(anions)oftheparentelements.Importantclassesofinorganiccompoundsaretheoxides,thecarbonates,thesulfatesandthehalides.Manyinorganiccompoundsarecharacterizedbyhighmeltingpoints.Inorganicsaltstypicallyarepoorconducto
5、rsinthesolidstate.Anotherimportantfeatureistheirsolubilityine.g.water,andeaseofcrystallization.Wheresomesalts(e.g.NaCl)areverysolubleinwater,others(e.g.SiO2)arenot.Thesimplestinorganicreactionisdoubledisplacementwheninmixingoftwosaltstheionsareswappedwithoutachangeinox
6、idationstate.Inredoxreactionsonereactant,theoxidant,lowersitsoxidationstateandanotherreactant,thereductant,hasitsoxidationstateincreased.Thenetresultisanexchangeofelectrons.Electronexchangecanoccurindirectlyaswell,e.g.inbatteries,akeyconceptinelectrochemistry.Whenonere
7、actantcontainshydrogenatoms,areactioncantakeplacebyexchangingprotonsinacid-basechemistry.Inamoregeneraldefinition,anacidcanbeanychemicalspeciescapableofbindingtoelectronpairsiscalledaLewisacid;converselyanymoleculethattendstodonateanelectronpairisreferredtoasaLewisbase
8、.Asarefinementofacid-baseinteractions,theHSABtheorytakesintoaccountpolarizabilityandsizeofions.Inorganiccompoundsaref
