heNervousSystem-郧阳医学院

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1、TheSkull颅主讲：李文春down【目的和要求】1．掌握颅的组成，脑颅、面颅的划分、名称、位置。2．掌握颅底内面观的主要结构。3．掌握眶、骨性鼻腔的形态特征和交通。骨性鼻旁窦的名称、位置及开口。4．了解新生儿颅骨的特征及生后变化。downUpTheskull颅Theskullcontains23bones.Theskullisisdividedintotwoparts:cerebralcranium脑颅andfacialcranium面颅downUp(一）ThecerebralcraniumThecerebralcraniumconsist

2、sofeightcranialbones.downUpfrontal额骨ethmoid筛骨Unpairedsphenoid蝶骨occipital枕骨parietal顶骨pairedtemporal颞骨(二）ThefacialcraniumThefacialcraniumarefifteeninnumber.Upmaxillae上颌骨palatine腭骨pairedzygomatic颧骨bonesnasal鼻骨lacrimalbones泪骨inferiornasalconchae下鼻甲vomer梨骨Unpairedmandible下颌骨bones

3、hyoid舌骨down(二）Thefacialcranium1.ThemandibledownUp2.Thehyoidangleofmandible(三）Theskullasawhole颅的整体观1.ThesuperioraspectoftheskullUpcoronalsuture冠状缝sagittalsuture矢状缝lambdoidsuture人字缝downTheskullisgenerallyovoidwhenfromabove,andiswiderbehindthaninfront.Itformedbyfourcranialbones

4、.Up2.TheposterioraspectoftheskulldownThemostoutstandingfeatureoftheoccipitalboneisexternaloccipitalprotuberance枕外隆凸.Theridge骨嵴passingoneachsidelaterallyoftheprotuberanceisthesuperiornuchalline上项线3.TheinternalsurfaceofthebaseofskulldownUpItisdividedintothreefossa.Thesearethea

5、nterior,themiddleandtheposteriorcranialfossa.downUpfrontalcrest额嵴foramencecum盲孔cristagalli鸡冠cribriformplat筛板cribriformforamina筛孔(1)Theanteriorcranialfossa颅前窝downUpInthecenteristhehypophysialfossa垂体窝.Infrontofthehypophysialfossaistheopticcanal视神经管.Lateraltothehypophysialfossa

6、isthecarotidsulcus颈动脉沟.Thereareaseriesofforaminainthelateralportionofthemiddlecranialfossa:foramenrotundum圆孔,foramenovale卵圆孔foramenspinosum棘孔(2)Themiddlecranialfossa颅中窝downUpItisthelargestanddeepestofthethreecranialfossa.Thelowestpartofthefossapresentstheforamenmagnum枕骨大孔，Th

7、erearehypoglossalcanal舌下神经管内口abovetheanterolateralmarginoftheforamenmagnum.(3)TheposteriorcranialfossadownUpBehindtheforamenmagnum,therearetheinternaloccipitalprotuberance枕内隆凸,sulcusfortransversesinus横窦沟,sulcusforsigmoidsinus乙状窦沟,jugularforamen颈静脉孔.internalacousticpore内耳门(3)

8、Theposteriorcranialfossa4.TheexternalsurfaceofthebaseofskulldownUpincisivef