低电平测量术语

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1、低电平测量手册专栏第4节UnderstandingInstrumentSpecifications正确理解仪器的技术指标低电平测量技术指标       Knowinghowtointerpretinstrumentspecificationsproperlyisanimportantaspectofmakinggoodlowlevelmeasurements.Althoughinstrumentaccuracyisprobablythemostimportantofthesespecifications,t

2、hereareseveralotherfactorstoconsiderwhenreviewingspecifications,includingnoise,deratings,andspeed.     正确理解仪器的技术指标对于做好低电平测量工作是十分重要的。虽然在众多技术指标中准确度占据主要地位，但是诸如噪声、漂移、速度和其它可能降低技术指标的参数亦不容忽略。1.4.1DefinitionofAccuracyTerms 准确度术语的定义       Thissectiondefinesanumbero

3、ftermsrelatedtoinstrumentaccuracy.Someofthesetermsarefurtherdiscussedinsubsequentparagraphs.Table1-1summarizesconversionfactorsforvariousspecificationsassociatedwithinstruments.        本节给出了有关仪器准确度的若干术语的定义。其中一些术语将在后续段落中予以讨论。表1-1汇总了与仪器各项技术指标有关的参数间的换算关系。·SEN

4、SITIVITY-thesmallestchangeinthesignalthatcanbedetected.  灵敏度(SENSITIVITY)－仪器所能检测得到的信号中的最小变化量。·RESOLUTION-thesmallestportionofthesignalthatcanbeobserved.分辨率(RESOLUTION)－仪器所能检测到的最小信号所占的比例分量。·REPEATABILITY-theclosenessofagreementbetweensuccessivemeasurementsc

5、arriedoutunderthesameconditions.重复性(REPEATABILITY)－在相同测试条件下相邻的成功测量结果之间的一致性。·REPRODUCIBILITY-theclosenessofagreementbetweenmeasurementsofthesamequantitycarriedoutwithastatedchangeinconditions.再现性(REPRODUCIBILITY)－在给定的变化条件下，相同量值测试结果之间的一致性。·ABSOLUTEACCURACY-t

6、heclosenessofagreementbetweentheresultofameasurementanditstruevalueoracceptedstandardvalue.Accuracyisoftenseparatedintogainandoffsetterms.绝对准确度(ABSOLUTEACCURACY)－测量结果与被测量真值或其标准认定值之间的接近程度。准确度常被分成增益和偏置二项。·RELATIVEACCURACY-theextenttowhichameasurementaccurate

7、lyreflectstherelationshipbetweenanunknownandareferencevalue.相对准确度(RELATIVEACCURACY)－用被测值与参考值之间的相对关系表示出的测量准确度。·ERROR-thedeviation(differenceorratio)ofameasurementfromitstruevalue.Notethattruevaluesarebytheirnatureindeterminate.误差(ERROR)－与被测量值的真值相比测量的偏差（差值或比

8、值）。请注意真值就其本质而言是不可确定的。·RANDOMERROR-themeanofalargenumberofmeasurementsinfluencedbyrandomerrormatchesthetruevalue.随机误差(RANDOMERROR)－受随机分布误差影响的大量测量结果的平均值与真值的偏差。·SYSTEMATICERROR-themeanofalargenumberofmeasurement