《工程流体力学实验》讲义

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1、《工程流体力学实验》讲义安徽建筑工业学院环境工程学院2007年5月目录（一）流体静力学实验·······················································································································1（二）不可压缩流体恒定流能量方程··················································································

2、··············5（三）不可压缩流体恒定流动量定律实验························································································9（四）毕托管测速实验······················································································································13（五）雷诺实验····

3、······························································································································16（六）、文丘里流量计实验················································································································19（七）沿程水头损失

4、实验··················································································································23（八）局部阻力损失实验··················································································································28（九）孔口与管嘴出流实验······

5、········································································································32（十）水面曲线实验··························································································································35实验二不可压缩流体恒定流能量方程（伯诺里方程）实

6、验一、实验目的要求1.验证流体恒定总流的能量方程；2.通过对动水力学诸多水利现象的实验分析研讨，进一步掌握有压管流中动水力学的能量转换特性；3.掌握流速、流量、压强等动水力学水力要素的实验量测技能。二、实验装置本实验的装置如图2.1所示。图2.1自循环伯诺里方程实验装置图1．自循环供水器；2.实验台；3.可控硅无级调速器；4.溢流板；5.稳水孔板；6.恒压水箱；7.测压计；8.滑动测量尺；9.测压管；10.实验管道；11.测压点；12.毕托管；13.实验流量调节阀。说明本仪器测压管有两种：52pu1.毕托管测压管（表2.

7、1中标*的测压管），用以测读毕托管探头对准点的总水头H＇（=Z++），须γ2g2pv注意一般情况下H＇与断面总水头H（=Z++）不同（因一般u≠v），它的水头线只能定性表示总水头γ2g变化趋势；2.普通测压管（表2.1未标*者），用以定量量测测压管水头。实验流量用阀13调节，流量由体积时间法（量筒、秒表另备）、重量时间法（电子称另备）或电测法测量（以下实验同类）.三、实验原则在实验管路中沿管内水流方向取n个过水断面。可以列出进口断面（1）至另一断面（i）的能量方程式（i=2，3，····，n）22pavpav111iii

8、Z++=+++Zhw11ii−γγ22ggp取a1=a2=····an=1，选好基准面，从已设置的各断面的测压管中读出Z+值，测出通过管路的γ2av流量，即可计算出断面平均流速v及，从而即可得到各断面测管水头和总水头。2g四、试验方法与步骤1.熟悉实验设备，分清哪些测管是普通测压管，哪些是毕托管测压管，以及两者功能的