生物质利用 Biomass for Renewable Energy, Fuels and Chemicals 02

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1、V.CommercialandNear-CommercialBiomassGasificationMethods323TABLE9.14EstimatedCapital,Operating,andProductionCostsofMethanolfromBiomassaProcessdeveloper:Wright-MaltaBattelleIGTShellOilWoodfeedrate,dryt/day1650165016501650GJ/h1439138313151315Methanolproduction,t/day1004705.1965.9915.9GJ/h949.2667.0913

2、.9866.3103L/day126989112201157Capitalcost,$106InstalledhardwareFeedpreparation7.418.616.434.6Gasifiers64.07.2329.029.0Oxygenplant0041.759.6Reformerfeedcompressor011.000Reformer16.715.516.70Shiftreactors9.409.409.409.40UnionCarbideSelexoltreatment13.714.519.427.4Methanolsynthesis-purification48.545.1

3、38.043.7Utilities/auxiliaries49.930.342.650.9Subtotal:200152213254Contingenciesplus:77527184Totalworkingrequirement277204284338Workingcapital20.015.221.325.4Land2.302.302.302.30Operatingcosts,$106/yrVariablecostsBiomassfeedstock22.721.820.720.7Catalysts&chemicals1.922.881.921.92Purchasedenergy7.130.

4、653.085.28Subtotal:31.725.325.727.9FixedcostsLabor0.991.180.990.99Maintenance5.994.556.397.63General&directoverhead4.994.255.256.05Subtotal:12.09.9812.614.7Totaloperatingcosts43.735.338.442.6Levelizedcosts,$/GJCapital5.644.618.338.01Biomass3.023.093.823.09Labor&maintenance1.851.822.682.47Purchaseden

5、ergy0.950.090.570.79Productmethanol11.469.6115.4014.36Productmethanol,$/L0.200.170.270.25aAdaptedfromLarsonandKatofsky(1992).Allcostsarein1991U.S.dollars.Capacityfactor,90%.324ThermalConversion:GasificationAccordingtothisanalysis,thecapital,operating,andmethanolproductioncostsfromaplantsuppliedwith1

6、650dryt/dayofwoodfeedstockrangesfrom$204to$338million,$35.3to$43.7million/year,and$0.17to$0.27/I.,respectively.Thefeedstockcostwasassumedtorangefrom$38.19to$41.88/dryt.Ata90%capacityfactor,methanolproductionrangesfrom293to417millionL/yeardependingontheprocess.ProductionishighestwiththeWright-Maltapr

7、ocessandlowestwiththeBattelleprocessbecauseasubstantialportionofthefeedstockisusedasfueltothecombustorsforthelatterprocess.Agenerallyconservativeapproachwasusedforthiseconomicassessment.Allunitoperati