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1、就近原则:1.Therebe句型Thereisabookandsomepencilsonthedesk.=Therearesomepencilsandabookonthedesk.2.neither...nor...Neitheryounorheisright.=Neitherhenoryouareright.3.either...or...EithertheyorJimisgoingtoShanghainextSaturday.=EitherJimortheyaregoingtoshanghainextSaturday.4.notonly...b
2、utalso...NotonlyAnnbutalsoherparentsstayathomeeverySunday.=NotonlyAnn'sparentsbutalsoshestaysathomeeverySunday.就近原则有一类连接词,其后的谓语动词要与连接词前一部分的主语保持一致。此类连接词有with,alongwith,togetherwith,aswellas,besides,like,without,except(but),including等。例如:Tracy,likemanygirls,lovesdancing.特蕾西像很多女孩
3、一样,喜欢跳舞。Allthestudents,includingTom,areleaving.所有的学生,包括汤姆都走了。Nooneexcept(but)meknowsaboutthisnews.除了我没有人知道就远原则代表词汇:aswellas;(together/along)with;ratherthan;except;besides;but;including;inadditionto;apartfrom E.G:HeratherthanIisright. Nobodybuttwostudentsisintheclassroom. 就远
4、原则 ①Whathedoesorwhathesaysdoesnotconcernme.他的行为或言谈都与我无关。 ②NeitheryounorIamwrong.你和我都没错。 ③Notyoubutyourfatheristoblame.不是你,而是你父亲该受责备。④Notonlyyouhut(also)heiswrong.不仅你错了,他也错了。哪些结构作主语采用就近原则由or,either…or,neither…or,not…but…,notonly…butalso等连接的并列成分作主语时,其谓语通常要与靠近的主语保持一致。如:HeorIam
5、inthewrong,他或是我错了。Neitheryounorheistired.你和他都没累。NotyoubutIamtoblame.不该怪你而该怪我。Eithermyfatherormybrothersarecoming.不是我父亲就是我兄弟要来。Notonlythestudentsbutalsotheirteacherisenjoyingthefilm.不仅学生们在欣赏这部影片,他们的老师也在欣赏这部影片。但在非正式文体中,有时也一律用复数谓语(注:在考试时最好避免使用)。如:NeitherTednorMarkarewrong.特德和马克都没
6、有错。IfeitherDavidorJanetcome,theywillwantadrink.大卫或珍妮特来了的话,是会要喝酒的。哪些结构作主语采用就远原则当用作主语的成分后面跟有由but,except,besides,including,like,with,aswellas,asmuchas,nolessthan,alongwith,inadditionto,combinedwith,ratherthan,togetherwith等引出的短语时,谓语动词习惯上要与这些结构前面的主语保持一致(即与比较远的那个主语保持一致,简称“就远原则”)。如:E
7、verybodyexceptyouisdownonme.除了你,大家都看不起我。Awomanwithtwochildrenhascome.一位妇女带着两个孩子已经来了。John,ratherthanhisroommates,istoblame.约翰,而不是他的室友,应该受到责备。Jim,togetherwithhisclassmates,hasseenthefilm.吉姆和他的同学都看过这部电影。Myfather,nolessthanI,isabase-ballfan.我的父亲不亚于我也是个棒球迷。Theson,aswellashisparents
8、,wantstogothere.不但儿子想去那儿,而且他的父母也想去。Theteacher,aswellasthestud