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1、科技文献翻译SectionAComputerProgram(计算机程序)SectionBSoftwareLifeCycle(软件生命周期)学生姓名：彭金辉学号：20032430217专业：计算机科学与技术院（系）：信息工程学院完成时间：2007-5-202007年6月1日-15-英文原文：ComputerProgramⅠ.IntroductionAcomputerprogramisasetofinstructionsthatdirectsacomputertoperformsomeprocessingfunctionorcombinationfunctions.Fortheinstructio
2、nstobecarriedout,acomputermustexecuteaprogram,thatis,thatisthecomputerreadstheprogram,andthenfollowsthestepsencodedintheprograminapreciseorderuntilcompletion.Aprogramcanbeexecutedmanydifferenttimes,witheachexecutionyieldingapotentiallydifferentresultdependingupontheoptionsanddatathattheusergivesthec
3、omputer.Programfallintotwomajorclasses:applicationprogramandoperatingsystems.Anapplicationprogramisonethatcarriesoutsomefunctiondirectlyforauser,suchaswordprocessingorgameplaying.Anoperatingsystemisaprogramthatmanagesthecomputerandthevariousresourcesanddevicesconnectedtoit,suchasRAM(randomaccessmemo
4、ry),harddrives,monitors,keyboards,printers,andmodems,sothattheymaybeusedbyotherprogram.ExamplesofoperatingsystemsareDOS,WindowsXP,OS/2,andUNIX.Ⅱ.ProgramDevelopmentSoftwaredesignerscreatenewprogrambyusingspecialapplicationsprograms,oftencalled-15-utilityprogramsordevelopmentprograms.Aprogrammerusesan
5、othertypeofprogramcalledatexteditortowritethenewprograminaspecialnotationcalledprogramminglanguage.Withthetexteditor,theprogrammercreatesatextfile,whichisanorderedlistofinstructions,alsocalledprogramsourcefile.Theindividualinstructionsthatmakeupthesourcefilearecalledsourcecode.Atthispoint,aspecialap
6、plicationprogramtranslatesthesourcecodeintomachinecodelanguage,orobjectcode–aformatthattheoperatingsystemswillrecognizeasaproperprogramandbeabletoexecute.Threetypesofapplicationprogramstranslatefromsourcecodetoobjectcode:compilers,interpreters,andassemblers.Thethreeoperatedifferentlyandondifferentty
7、pesofprogramminglanguages,buttheyservethesamepurposeoftranslatingfromaprogramminglanguageintomachinelanguage.Acompilertranslatestextfileswritteninahigh-levelprogramminglanguage-suchasFORTRAN,C,orPasca
