完全竞争市场上的厂商均衡

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1、完全竞争市场上的厂商均衡7.2TheEquilibriumoftheFirmunderPerfectCompetition教学目标Objectives：了解完全竞争的市场条件掌握完全竞争市场的需求曲线和收益曲线掌握完全竞争市场的短期均衡条件掌握完全竞争市场的长期均衡条件知识点Knowledge：完全竞争的市场条件、完全竞争市场的需求曲线和收益曲线完全竞争市场的短期均衡和长期均衡条件技能点Skills：绘制完全竞争市场均衡图pricetakeradvertisingmarketopportunitiesidealtypeadvantages

2、shortcomingsgovernmentNormalprofitSupernormalprofitleast-costeconomicprofitabnormalprofithomogeneousproducteconomiesofscaleindustry专业词汇Professionalterms一、完全竞争的含义与条件AssumptionslFirmsarepricetaker.lThereiscompletefreedomofentryintotheindustryfornewfirms.lAllfirmsproduceanid

3、enticalproduct.Theproductishomogeneous,sothereisnobrandingandadvertising.lProducersandconsumershaveperfectknowledgeofthemarket.Thatis,producersarefullyawareofprices,costsandmarketopportunities.Consumersarefullyawareoftheprice,quantityandavailabilityoftheproduct.Neverthele

4、ss,despitethelackofreal-worldcases,themodelofperfectcompetitionplaysaveryimportantroleineconomicanalysisandpolicy.Itsmajorrelevanceisasan‘idealtype’.Manyonthepoliticalrightarguethatperfectcompetitionbringsanumberofimportantadvantages.Themodelcanthusbeusedasastandardagains

5、twhichtojudgetheshortcomingsofrealworldindustries.Itcanhelpgovernmenttoformulatepoliciestowardsindustry.一、完全竞争的含义与条件实现完全竞争的条件包括：第一，市场上有许多生产者与消费者，每一个生产者的销售量与消费者的购买量只占市场极小的份额。第二，市场上的产品是同质的，即不存在产品差别。第三，资源完全自由流动。第四，市场信息是畅通的。一、完全竞争的含义与条件TheshortrunandthelongrunlTheshortrununde

6、rperfectcompetitionTheperiodduringwhichthereistoolittletimefornewfirmstoentertheindustry.lThelongrununderperfectcompetitionTheperiodoftimethatislongenoughfornewfirmstoentertheindustry.NormalprofitTheopportunitycostofbeinginbusiness:theprofitthatcouldhavebeenearnedinthenex

7、tbestalternativebusiness.Itiscountedasacostofproduction.Supernormalprofit(alsoknownaspureprofit,economicprofit,abnormalprofitorsimplyprofit)Theexcessoftotalprofitabovenormalprofit.二、完全竞争市场上的需求和收益曲线0Q0Q0Q1Q2QTR完全竞争市场上的需求曲线与收益曲线PPP0P0DSEd(MR=AR=P)(a)(c)(b)TR2TR1TRQ三、完全竞争市场上

8、的短期均衡完全竞争市场均衡图0QEQPEd（MR=AR=P）PESMC三、完全竞争市场上的短期均衡PESMCSACPEd（MR=AR=P）0QEQ完全竞争市场厂商盈亏平衡图厂商获得正常利润(n