俄罗斯媒体发展

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1、SpeechMediareformingandcensorshipinUSSRandRussiaWuFeiPhDfromMoscowStateUniversityPostdoctoralinFudanUniversityAssociateprofessorinJinanUniversity俄罗斯媒体发展§世界媒体市场：增长率2005——2008年度增长预期§俄罗斯5.7%§美国3.8%§加拿大2.1%§欧洲2.9%§中国、印度、远东9.8%§非洲,中东2.4%§南美3.1%资料来源：PricewaterhouseCoopersWhatarethegeneralpatternsofme

2、diareformvis-à-vismediacensorshipfromthetimeofLeninandStalintotheageofYelsinandPutin?Arethetwoerascompletelydifferent,orsharingsomebasiccharacteristics?ArePutinmakingwisedecisionsnow?WillhismediapolicyhelpmakeapowerfulRussia,butwithweakmediademocracy?Inthistalk,Dr.Wuwilloutlinethewaysinwhichmed

3、iacensorshipandmediareformco-existedintheSovietUnionandhowthesegeneralpatternshavebeentransformedinthecurrentRussianFederation.§HeshallspecifyhowthecensorshipsystemworkedquitedifferentlyduringthetimesofLenin,Stalin,Khrushchev,andBrezhnev,andhowSovietmediareformstoppedtwiceunderStalinandBrezhnev

4、.Attheend,YelsindestroyedtheSovietpoliticalsystemand§directedRussiatodemocratization.ButasRussia’seconomicreformencounteredproblems,PutinstartedtorediscoverandapplysomeoldmeasuresofSoviet-stylemediacensorship,albeitinnewways.ThemediadevelopmentofLenin§ThedifferenceofcensorshipbetweenLeninandroy

5、alRussiawasforbiddenauthor’sarticleorcloseallthenewspaperandmagazine.§FortheaimofmakingrealitysocialisminonecountryLenintookupdifferentmeasure.Thatfortheprincipleofthecountrywas§Fortheneweconomicalpolicythatwasonlypartofallthepolicy§ForthereasonofbecomingastrongcountrySovietUnion’sleadercanuset

6、hespecialmeans.Thistheorycanbeusedeverywhere.§Ifmedianotsupervisedgovernment,inthepeacetimeornormaltimemediacanbethethroatofpartyorgovernmentthatwasnotinfluenceallthecountry’ssystem.§Butifthecountrymetthecrisis,mediawouldkeeptheinterestofcountryorpartythatwillbetheproblem.SoSovietUnion’smediaan

7、dotherspartsofgovernment,itlooklikeallinconspiracywhichplaybytheparty’sskeleton.媒体发展手段不同寻常§列宁的新闻检查制度与沙皇俄罗斯时期的区别就在于，沙皇俄罗斯第三处一般是针对作者，一般采用的是禁止作者在杂志上发表文章，但列宁的新闻检查制度则针对出版单位：报纸、杂志。§列宁为了实现在一个国家内实现社会主义，另外还是不择手段地实现。这样在国家发展中经常采用非常手段，尤其在关闭一些