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1、Lecture2TheTransitionofChina’sMarketEnvironment中国市场转型环境Centralplanning(Commandeconomy)•Planningatseverallevels•Walder:investmentcapitalgivenasagrant,•Administeredpricesthatdidnotreflectrelativescarcities•Insulatedfromforeigncompetitionandworldprices,•Lackofcompetitiononproductmarke
2、ts•Poordistributionnetworks•Lyingaboutoutput,lowproductivity,productscarcity,etc..Howaboutconsumersandmarketing?•Shortageandlimitedvarietyofgoods.•Shoddyproductswithpoorquality•Rationingsystem•Throughstate-controlledchannelsofdistribution•Foreverythingyouneeds•Marketing–whatisthat?
3、Itdidnotexist!TheFolliesofCentralPlanning--ChineseHeatingSystem•March14,2006WSJhasanarticle("China'sWinterofDiscontent,"p.B1;sorrynolink)thatdemonstratesthefollyofusingcentralplanningtoproduceandallocategoodsandservices.Anexcerpt:–HeatingsystemsareoneofthelastareasthatremainunderCh
4、ina'sformercentrallyplannedeconomy,withgovernmentregulatorsstillsettingthethermostatforhomes,classroomsandofficesacrossthecountry.Underthepolicy,whichdatesbacktoMaoZedonginthe1950s,thegovernmentprovidesheatinthenorthernhalfofChina,and,tosavemoney,itprovidesnoheatinthesouthernhalf.A
5、saresult,northernersoftenwiltinsteamingapartments,whilethoseinsouthernprovincesshiverthroughthewinter.–http://divisionoflabour.com/archives/002391.php•TheCollapseofSovietUnion:winterinRussiaTheGreatestTransitioninHistory有史以来的最大变革TheReformofeconomicsystem:Fromplanningtomarket:经济体制改革
6、：从计划到市场•Marketingdevelopmentisthereformprocessofthecontinuouslyincreasingeffectofmarketingstructureineconomicresourceallocation.•Centralplanningpermeatedeveryaspectoftheeconomy,fromthetypesofproducts,quantities,channelstopricing.•Twoperiodsfortheinnovation：–Inthe1980’s,thedomestica
7、djustmentandinnovationsarethekeyconcerns;–Afterthe1990’s,theopeningpolicydrivestheinnovation,thecoastalcitiessetexemplesfortheinnerones,leadingtoinnovationsinpoliciesandtheories,andtheeconomicactivitiesstimulatethesocialandpoliticalchanges.Shifttomarket-basedsystems•EconomicReforms
8、since1979•Focusontheimprov
