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2、JASTHomepage]JournalofAmericanStudiesofTurkey3(1996):3-14.AMultidimensionalTheoryofColonialism:TheNativeNorthAmericanExperienceDuaneChampagneTheoriesofcolonialismemphasizematerialisticdominationandanalyzefromthepointofviewofthecolonizer.Theprimaryf
3、ocusisonthepowerfulformsofpolitical,economicandculturaldomination,andsometimestheeffectsofdisease.Yettheviewsofthecolonizeddeservegreaterattention.InNorthAmerica,Nativecommunitiessurvived500yearsofcolonialism.How?Why?Inwhatways?Theoriesthatemphasizecolonialdomin
4、ationcannotanswersuchquestions.Thisarticlepresentsatheoryandamethodthatplacethecolonizedatthecenterandviewthemashistoricalactorswithpliableculturesandcommunities.Thetheoryalsoincorporatestheprocessesofculturalexchangebetweencolonizedandcolonizer.Suchamultidimens
5、ionaltheoryprovidesamoreaccurateandpowerfulunderstandingoftheprocessesofcolonizationandofsocialchangeingeneral.TheColonialContextofNorthAmericaPoliticalcompetition,economicincorporation,culturalexchange,andbiologicalresistancearemajorfeaturesofthecolonialcontext
6、.Bypoliticalcompetition,Imeanthestrategicanddiplomaticbargainingbetweennationsbywhichtheyensuretheirownprotection,andeffectandprotecttheirstrategicinterests.Geopoliticsistherealmofstudyundertakenbythosewhostudyinternationalrelationsorbyhistoriansofdiplomaticnati
7、onalpolicy(Rawlinsoni).Astoeconomicincorporation,worldsystemstheoristsandeconomistshavelongarguedfortherelativeautonomyofmarkets,orapatternofrelationsbasedlargelyonmaterialinterests,whichdrivestheexpansionofmarketsorexplainsexchangeandmarketrelations.Economists,
8、andmanyeconomicanthropologists,believethattheurgetotruckandbarterispartofhumannature(Frank;Wallerstein;Jorgensen).Culturalexchangereferstothetransferandinternalizationofsymboliccodesbetweencolonizedandcolonizer.Suchsymboliccodesincludelanguage,information,norms,
9、economicethics,worldviews,religion,andmanyotheraspectsofculture(Champagne,"TransocietalCulturalExchangewithintheWorldEconomicandPoliticalSystem"120-153;Durkheim;Parso
