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1、ThePlantJournal(2012)70,3038doi:10.1111/j.1365-313X.2012.04967.xHIGH-RESOLUTIONMEASUREMENTSINPLANTBIOLOGYMetaboliteanalysesofsinglecells12,3,*AkiraOikawaandKazukiSaito1RIKENPlantScienceCenter(Tsuruoka),Tsuruoka997-0052,Japan,2RIKENPlantScienceCenter,Yokohama230-00
2、45,Japan,and3GraduateSchoolofPharmaceuticalSciences,ChibaUniversity,Chiba263-8522,JapanReceived30October2011;revised17February2012;accepted21February2012.*Forcorrespondence(e-mailksaito@psc.riken.jp).SUMMARYSingle-cellanalysisisapromisingmethodforunderstandingnoto
3、nlycellularphysiologybutalsobiologicalmechanismsofmulticellularorganisms.Althoughneighboringcellsinmulticellularorganismsoriginatefromthesamegenomicinformation,differentcircumstancesaroundcellsorepigeneticdifferenceshavedifferentinfluencesoneachcell,leadingtodiffer
4、ingexpressionofgenes,andthusdifferinglevelsanddynamicsofmetabolites,insinglecells.However,single-cellanalysisisatoughchallenge,evenwithrecenttechnologies,becauseofthesmallsizeofsinglecells.Unlikegenes,metabolitescannotbeamplified,andthereforemetaboliteanalysisisano
5、therissue.Toanalyzesuchatinyquantityofmetabolitesinasinglecell,varioustechniqueshavebeentriedanddeveloped.Especiallyinmassspectrometry,markedimprovementsinbothdetectionsensitivityandionizationtechniqueshaveopenedupthechallengefortheanalysisofmetabolitesinsinglecel
6、ls.Inthisreview,wediscussthemethodformetabolitedetectionatthelevelofsinglecellsandrecentadvancementsintechnology.Keywords:single-cellanalysis,metabolomics,single-cellseparation,metabolitedetection,massspectrom-etry,metaboliteimaging.INTRODUCTIONCellularheterogenei
7、tymayresultfromseveralfactors:wellshavebeendevelopedforsingle-cellseparation(Lind-genetic,epigeneticorphenotypicdifferences;morpho-stro¨mandAndersson-Svahn,2010,2011)(Figure1).Onthelogical,biochemicalorfunctionalchanges;positional,otherhand,improvementsinthespatia
8、lresolutionofexogenousorendogenousmutations;andphysical,chem-microscopesandhigh-resolutionimagingtechnologyicalorbiologicaleffectsfromtheenvironment(Wan
