软件工程：Distributed Systems Architectures

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1、Chapter11DistributedSystemsArchitecturesDistributedSystemsArchitecturesArchitecturaldesignforsoftwarethatexecutesonmorethanoneprocessorObjectivesToexplaintheadvantagesanddisadvantagesofdistributedsystemsarchitecturesTodescribedifferentapproachestothedevelopmentofclient-serversystemsToexplain

2、thedifferencesbetweenclient-serveranddistributedobjectarchitecturesTodescribeobjectrequestbrokersandtheprinciplesunderlyingtheCORBAstandardsTopicscoveredMultiprocessorarchitecturesClient-serverarchitecturesDistributedobjectarchitecturesCORBADistributedsystemsVirtuallyalllargecomputer-basedsy

3、stemsarenowdistributedsystemsInformationprocessingisdistributedoverseveralcomputersratherthanconfinedtoasinglemachineDistributedsoftwareengineeringisnowveryimportantSystemtypesPersonalsystemsthatarenotdistributedandthataredesignedtorunonapersonalcomputerorworkstation.Embeddedsystemsthatrunon

4、asingleprocessororonanintegratedgroupofprocessors.Distributedsystemswherethesystemsoftwarerunsonalooselyintegratedgroupofcooperatingprocessorslinkedbyanetwork.DistributedsystemcharacteristicsResourcesharingOpennessConcurrencyScalabilityFaulttoleranceTransparencyDistributedsystemdisadvantages

5、ComplexitySecurityManageabilityUnpredictabilityIssuesindistributedsystemdesignDistributedsystemsarchiecturesClient-serverarchitecturesDistributedserviceswhicharecalledonbyclients.ServersthatprovideservicesaretreateddifferentlyfromclientsthatuseservicesDistributedobjectarchitecturesNodistinct

6、ionbetweenclientsandservers.AnyobjectonthesystemmayprovideanduseservicesfromotherobjectsMiddlewareSoftwarethatmanagesandsupportsthedifferentcomponentsofadistributedsystem.Inessence,itsitsinthemiddleofthesystemMiddlewareisusuallyoff-the-shelfratherthanspeciallywrittensoftwareExamplesTransacti

7、onprocessingmonitorsDataconvertorsCommunicationcontrollersMultiprocessorarchitecturesSimplestdistributedsystemmodelSystemcomposedofmultipleprocesseswhichmay(butneednot)executeondifferentprocessorsArchitecturalmodelofmanylargereal-timesystemsDistrib