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1、1000-9825/2005/16(07)1323©2005JournalofSoftware软件学报Vol.16,No.7∗基于小波域HMM模型的稳健多比特图像水印算法+张荣跃,倪江群,黄继武(中山大学电子与通信工程系,广东广州510275)ARobustMulti-BitsImageWatermarkingAlgorithmBasedonHMMinWaveletDomain+ZHANGRong-Yue,NIJiang-Qun,HUANGJi-Wu(DepartmentofElectronicsandC
2、ommunicationEngineering,SUNYAT-SENUniversity,Guangzhou510275,China)+Correspondingauthor:Phn:+86-20-84036167,Email:issjqni@zsu.edu.cn,http://www.zsu.edu.cnReceived2004-09-20;Accepted2005-01-07ZhangRY,NiJQ,HuangJW.Arobustmulti-bitsimagewatermarkingalgorithm
3、basedonHMMinwaveletdomain.JournalofSoftware,2005,16(7):1323−1332.DOI:10.1360/jos161323Abstract:Robustnessisanimportantissueinthedevelopmentofmulti-bitswatermarkingalgorithm.Anewalgorithmforrobustmulti-bitsimagewatermarkingbasedonHiddenMarkovModel(HMM)inwa
4、veletdomainisproposed.Thealgorithmischaracterizedasfollows:(1)theproposedblinddetectorbasedonvectorHMM,whichisemployedtodescribethestatisticsofwaveletcoefficients,achievessignificantimprovementsinperformancecomparedtotheconventionalcorrelationdetector;(2)
5、anadaptivewatermarkembeddingschemeisappliedtoachievethelowdistortionaccordingtothehumanvisualsystem;(3)anoptimalmulti-bitwatermarkembeddingstrategyandamaximum-likelihooddetectionfortreestructureofvectorHMMareproposedthroughsystemrobustnessanalysis.Simulat
6、ionresultsshowthatrelativelyhighcapacityforwatermarkembeddinginlowfrequencysubbandsofwaveletdomainisachievedwiththeproposedalgorithm,andhighrobustresultsareobservedagainstStirmarkattacks,suchasJPEGcompress,addingnoise,mediancutandfilter.Keywords:multi-bit
7、swatermark;hiddenMarkovmodel(HMM);wavelet;robustness;blinddetection摘要:稳健性是多比特图像水印的关键问题之一,提出了一种基于小波域隐马尔可夫模型(hiddenMarkovmodel,简称HMM)的多比特图像水印算法,该算法的主要特点为:(1)利用向量HMM模型精确描述图像小波系数间的统计特性,基于此统计模型的水印盲检测系统较之传统的相关检测器,在性能上有显著的提升;(2)结合视觉掩盖特性,自适应地调整水印嵌入强度,使之在一定的嵌入强度下,
8、视觉主观失真较小;(3)提出了一种适合隐马尔可夫模型树型结构的多比特数据优化嵌入策略和最大似然检测.数值仿真结果表明,该算法可以较好地利用图像小波域的低频子带以实现较大容量图像水印的嵌入,并在抵抗Stirmark平台攻击,如JPEG压缩、加噪、∗SupportedbytheNationalNaturalScienceFoundationofChinaunderGrantNos.60133020,60325208(国家自然科学基
