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1、现代食品科技ModernFoodScienceandTechnology2017,Vol.33,No.9脂肪和蛋白质含量对稀奶油-乳清发酵液的影响1122林伟锋,周艳,鲍志宁,夏枫耿(1.华南理工大学食品科学与工程学院,广东广州510640)(2.广州市微生物研究所,广东广州510663)摘要:本文研究了不同脂肪含量(7%、14%和21%)和蛋白质含量(2.3%和4.6%)对稀奶油-乳清发酵液的影响,研究新型风味发酵体系组成和发酵特性之间的关系。测定在发酵过程中活菌数、酸度和pH的变化,利用顶空-固相微萃取(HS-SPME)和气相色谱-质谱联用(GC-MS)分析发酵60h后发酵液中挥
2、发性风味物质,并对其进行感官评定。结果发现:蛋白质含量较低时,脂肪含量增加对乳酸菌增殖和pH值无影响,蛋白质含量较高时,脂肪含量增加抑制乳酸菌增殖和pH值下降;脂肪含量增加促进产香和挥发性风味物质增加,抑制菌种产酸。蛋白质含量增加促进乳酸菌增殖和挥发性风味物质明显增加,使pH值下降减缓;脂肪含量较低时,蛋白质含量增加促进产酸,脂肪含量较高时,抑制产酸。发酵60h后,体系中主要挥发性风味物质有乙酸、丁酸、2,3-丁二酮和3-羟基-2-丁酮。通过感官评定,14%脂肪和4.6%蛋白质的发酵液具有最佳的组织状态以及最强的特征性酸奶风味。关键词:发酵液;脂肪;蛋白质;发酵动力学;风味文章篇号:
3、1673-9078(2017)9-195-201DOI:10.13982/j.mfst.1673-9078.2017.9.029EffectsofFatandProteinContentonCream-WheyFermentationLiquid1122LINWei-feng,ZHOUYan,BAOZhi-ning,XIAFeng-geng(1.SchoolofFoodSciencesandEngineering,SouthChinaUniversityofTechnology,Guangzhou510640,China)(2.GuangzhouMicrobiologyResearc
4、hInstitute,Guangzhou510663,China)Abstract:Theeffectsofdifferentfatcontent(7%,14%,and21%)andproteincontent(2.3%and4.6%)oncream-wheyfermentationliquidandtherelationshipbetweenthecompositionofnewflavorfermentationsystemsandfermentationcharacteristicswerestudied.Changesinthenumberofviablebacterialc
5、ells,titratableacidity,andpHvalueduringthefermentationprocessweremeasured.Thevolatileflavorcomponentswereextractedusingheadspacesolid-phasemicroextraction(HS-SPME),analyzedbygaschromatography-massspectrometry(GC-MS)afterfermentationfor60h,andevaluatedbysensorytests.Theresultsshowedthattheincrea
6、seinfatcontenthadnoinfluenceontheproliferationoflacticacidbacteriaoronthepHvalueatlowproteinlevels,butsuppressedtheproliferationoflacticacidbacteriaandpreventedthedeclineinpHathighproteinlevels.Inaddition,increasedfatcontentpromotedtheproductionofflavorandvolatilecompoundsandinhibitedtheproduct
7、ionofacidsbythebacteria.Increasedproteincontentpromotedtheproliferationoflacticacidbacteria,significantlyincreasedthecontentofvolatileflavorcomponents,andslowedthedeclineinpHvalues.Moreover,increasedproteincontentpromotedtheproduc