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1、第三节福斯特与《印度之行》EdwardMorganForsterandAPassagetoIndia一、生平与创作EdwardMorganForster,1879—1970EnglishauthorandcriticABriefLife:borninLondonasthesonofanarchitect,whodiedbeforehisonlychildwastwoyearsold.Forster'schildhoodandmuchofhisadultlifewasdominatedbyhismo
2、therandhisaunts.ForsterattendedKing'sCollege,Cambridge(1897-1901),wherehemetmembersofthelaterformedBloomsburygroup.Intheatmosphereofskepticism,heshedhisnotverydeepChristianfaith.AftergraduatinghetravelledinItalyandGreecewithhismother,andonhisreturnbeg
3、antowriteessaysandshortstoriesfortheliberalIndependentReview.In1905FosterspentseveralmonthinGermanastutortothechildrenoftheCountessvonArmin.Betweentheyears1912and1913ForstertravelledinIndia.From1914to1915heworkedfortheNationalGalleryinLondon.Following
4、theoutbreakofWorldWarI,ForsterjoinedtheRedCrossandservedinAlexandria,Egypt.In1921ForsterreturnedtoIndia,workingasaprivatesecretarytotheMaharajah(土邦主)ofDewas.ThelandwasthesceneofhismasterworkAPASSAGETOINDIA(1924),anaccountofIndiaunderBritishrule.therem
5、aining46yearsofhislifehedevotedhimselftootheractivities.Writingnovelswasnotthemostimportantelementinhislife.Forstercontributedreviewsandessaystonumerousjournals,mostnotablytheListener,hewasanactivememberofPEN,in1934hebecamethefirstpresidentoftheNation
6、alCouncilforCivilLiberties,andafterhismother‘sdeathin1945,hewaselectedanhonoraryfellowofKing’sandlivedtherefortheremainderofhislife.ForsterdiedonJune7,1970.Writings小说:《天使不敢涉足的地方》(WhereAnglesFeartoTread,1905)、《最漫长的旅行》(TheLongestJourney,1907)、《看得见风景的房间》
7、(ARoomWithaView,1908)、同性恋小说《莫里斯》(Maurice,1914年完成,但是根据作者的要求,在他去世后的1971年才出版)、《霍华德别业》(HowardsEnd,1910)、《印度之行》(APassagetoIndia,1924)等。文学评论:《小说面面观》(AspectsoftheNovel,1927)《天使不敢涉足的地方》(WhereAnglesFeartoTread,1905)提名借用18世纪英国诗人蒲柏的一句诗:“蠢人们闯进了天使不敢涉足的地方”。莉莉、吉诺、赫里
8、顿夫人、菲立普和哈里特描写了性格开朗、无拘无束的吉诺所代表的意大利民族性格和骄横傲慢、偏狭保守的赫里顿夫人所代表的英国中产阶级性格之间的冲突。莉莉、菲立普和哈里特像“蠢人”一样闯进了意大利,结果以失败告终.两种生活观念、两种文化性格的联接。《霍华德别业》(HowardsEnd,1910),ThenovelestablishedForster'sreputationItwasastorythatcenteredonanEnglishcountryhouseanddealtwithth