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1、AnimalAnatomyLeiZhihaiCollegeofVeterinaryMedicine,NAULocomotorSystemLocomotorsystemLocomotorsystemincludesbones,jointsandmuscles.Bonesarelinkedbyjointstoformtheskeleton.Theskeletonnotonlyprovidestheframeworkforthebody,butalsocarriesoutthefunctionofmotion,
2、supportandprotection.Duringthemovement,theboneactsasalever,thejointsasaaxis,andthemusclesasmotivepower.1Osteology1skeletalsystem1GeneraldescriptionOsteology（（骨学（骨学）isthestudyofbonethatcombinetoformtheskeletonofdiverseanimalspecies.Eachlivingboneisanorgan.
3、Ithaspropershapeandcarriesoutcertainfunctions.Itisahardandresilient（（有（有弹性的）organ,andisabundantinbloodandnervesupply.Itpossessestheabilityofreconstruction,repairingandregeneration.Bonescanbeaffectedbygenetic,externalandinternalenvironmentalfactors.Functio
4、nofboneThemajorfunctionsoftheskeletonare:SupprotprotectionMetabolismstorecalciumandphosphatebuildingbloodcomponentsClassificationofbone2shapeandclassificationofbonesAccordingtoboneshape,fourkindsofbonesareclassified:Longbone长骨Shortbone短骨Flatbone扁骨Irregula
5、rbone不规则骨2.1longboneLongbone长骨Proximalepiphysis（（骺（骺骺）骺）Shaftordiaphysis（（骨干（骨干）MedullarycavityDistalepiphysisEpiphysealcartilageMetaphyses干骺端Epiphysealline骺线2.2shortboneShortbone短骨:incuboidshapedistributeinthemunusandthepedesFlatbone扁骨:suchasrib,sternum,
6、scapulae,etc.Irregularbone不规则骨:variesinshape,suchasthecranialbones,thevertebrae,andthehipbonePneumaticbones含气骨：maxillaeSesamoidbone籽骨Bonesoftheorgans:inpenis3structureofbone3StructureofbonesPeriosteum骨膜Endosteum骨内膜Bonysubstance骨质compactbone骨密质spongybone骨松
7、质trabecullae骨小梁Bonemarrow骨髓redbonemarrowyellowbonemarrowBloodandnerve4chem.comp&phys.Prop.4ChemicalcompositionandphysicalpropertiesofbonesLivingbonesareplastictissueswithorganicandinorganiccomponents.Organicmeterialiscollagenandinorganiconeismineralsalts(
8、calciumphosphate).Boneshaveanorganicframeworkoffibroustissueandcells,amongwhichinorganicsaltsaredeposited.50%water;1/3organicand2/3inorganicmeterialsOrganicmaterial:resilienceandtoughness弹性和韧性Inorganicmaterial:hardn
