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1、Environ.Sci.Technol.2008,42,93509356PersulfatePersistenceunderfocusedonheatorlow-valentmetal(e.g.,Ag+,Fe2+)initiatedprocesses,andtheeffectofpHonthelatter(reviewedinrefsThermalActivationConditions9,10).Theprinciplesderivedfromthesestudieshavebeenadequatetointerpretmostaspectsofthepersulfateacti
2、vationprocessinrecentlaboratorystudiesofcontaminantoxidationRICHARDL.JOHNSON,*inhomogeneousaqueoussolutions(e.g.,refs11-16).InthePAULG.TRATNYEK,ANDpresenceofaquifersolids,however,additionalreactions(e.g.,REIDOBRIENJOHNSONwithmineralsurfacesorsoilorganicmatter)cancontributeDepartmentofEnvironme
3、ntalandBiomolecularSystems,totheactivationofpersulfateand/orconsumptionoftheOregonHealth&ScienceUniversity,20000NWWalkerRoad,activeoxidants(e.g.,sulfateradical),therebyincreasingthePortland,Oregon97006overalldemandforpersulfateanddecreasingratesofcontaminantdegradation.ReceivedJuly14,2008.Revi
4、sedmanuscriptreceivedInthecontextofISCO,persulfateoxidantdemandbySeptember19,2008.AcceptedOctober17,2008.aquifermaterialshasbeenconsideredinonlyafewpublishedstudies(e.g.,refs17-19),butdetailedstudiesonperman-ganateoxidantdemand(20-24)haveshownthatthekineticsofthisprocessarecomplex,makingtheres
5、ultshighlyContaminantdestructionwithinsituchemicaloxidationdependentontestconditionssuchasoxidantconcentration,(ISCO)usingpersulfate(peroxydisulfate,S2O82-)canbeenhancedexposuretime,mixingregime,etc.Thesevariablesarebyactivation,whichincreasestherateofpersulfatecontrolled(butnotfactoredout)int
6、herecentlyadopteddecompositiontosulfateradicals(SO4-).Thisstepinitiatesstandardmethodthatusespermanganatetodeterminetheachainofradicalreactionsinvolvingspecies(includingSO4-naturaloxidantdemand(NOD)ofaquifermaterials(25).andOH)thatoxidizecontaminantsmorerapidlythanGiventheoperationallydefinedna
7、tureofNODandtherelativeweaknessandselectivityofpermanganateasanpersulfatedoesdirectly.Amongcurrentactivationmethods,oxidantitislikelythattherewillbeimportantdifferencesthermalactivationistheleastwellstudied.Combiningnewdatabetweenperman
