膜下滴灌水分亏缺下棉花开花后非叶绿色器官光合特性及其对产量的贡献

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1、作物学报ACTAAGRONOMICASINICA2015,41(12):18801887http://zwxb.chinacrops.org/ISSN0496-3490;CODENTSHPA9E-mail:xbzw@chinajournal.net.cnDOI:10.3724/SP.J.1006.2015.01880膜下滴灌水分亏缺下棉花开花后非叶绿色器官光合特性及其对产量的贡献占东霞张超张亚黎罗宏海勾玲张旺锋石河子大学农学院/新疆生产建设兵团绿洲生态农业重点实验室,新疆石河子832000摘要:选用北疆棉区主栽品种新陆早33号和新陆早45号,设置常规

2、滴灌量(CI)、轻度水分亏缺滴灌量(SDI)、中度水分亏缺滴灌量(MDI)3种处理,在田间条件下研究了不同滴灌量对棉花叶片和非叶绿色器官叶绿素(Chl)含量、净光合速率(Pn)、气孔导度(gs)和光合物质累积的影响,明确了水分亏缺下棉株非叶绿色器官光合作用对产量的贡献。结果表明,各滴灌量条件下棉花非叶绿色器官单位面积的Pn、Chl含量下降幅度较叶片小,且随棉花生育进程的变化较小。在棉铃生长发育后期,随滴灌量减少,棉花非叶绿色器官光合物质生产能力对产量起着更为重要的作用。中度水分亏缺条件下,棉铃(铃壳和苞叶)和茎秆光合作用对铃重的相对贡献率分别增加至16.

3、8%~34.9%和7.6%~17.5%。因此,采用膜下滴灌植棉技术时适当控制滴水量,在保证叶片具有较高光合速率的同时,发挥棉花非叶绿色器官的光合抗逆能力,对挖掘滴灌棉花节水增产潜力具有重要意义。关键词:棉花;非叶绿色器官;光合能力;相对贡献率;水分亏缺PhotosyntheticCharacteristicsafterFloweringandContributionofNon-leafGreenOrgansofCottontoYieldunderMulching-dripIrrigationwithWaterDeficiencyZHANDong-Xia

4、,ZHANGChao,ZHANGYa-Li,LUOHong-Hai,GOULing,andZHANGWang-FengKeyLaboratoryofOasisEcologyAgricultureofXinjiangProductionandConstructionGroup/AgricultureCollege,ShiheziUniversity,Shihezi832003,ChinaAbstract:Leafisoneofthemainphotosyntheticorgans,whileothergreenpartsofplantalsoretaino

5、rdevelopchlorophyllandhavephotosynthesis.Tobetterunderstandthewholeplantphotosynthesisproductionpotentialandcontributiontocottonyield,weselectedXinluzao33andXinluzao45(twocommoncultivarsinNorthernXinjiang)withthreeirrigationtreatments(CI,conven-tionalirrigation;SDI,slightdeficiti

6、rrigation;MDI,moderatedeficitirrigation)tomeasurethechlorophyllcontent(Chl),netpho-tosyntheticrate(Pn),stomatalconductance(gs)andphotosynthateaccumulationinleafandnon-leafgreenorgansduringdifferentgrowthstagesandthecontributionofnon-leafgreenorganstoyield.TheresultsshowedthattheP

7、nandChlinnon-leaforganswererelativelyinsensitivetosoilmoisturestress,decreasingbyonlyasmallamountbetween25and45daysafteranthesis.Withreductionofwatersupply,thedrymatterproductioninnon-leafgreenorgansplayedmoreimportantrolesincottonyieldforma-tion.Cottonbollweightinthemoderatedefi

8、citirrigationtreatmentdecreasedby16.8%to