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1、棉花学报CottonScience2015袁27渊4冤院379―384氮肥施用前移对遮荫下棉花光合特性及产量的影响郑剑超袁闫曼曼袁张巨松*袁石洪亮(新疆农业大学/教育部棉花工程研究中心袁新疆乌鲁木齐830052)摘要院为探讨新疆南疆地区果棉间作下棉花适宜的氮肥追施模式袁设置不施氮肥渊N0冤尧氮肥追施至初花期结束渊N1冤尧氮肥追施至盛花期结束渊N2冤和正常追肥渊N3冤遥结果表明院遮荫下氮肥追施至盛花期结束渊N2冤提高了棉花盛花期后主茎功能叶潜在活性渊Fv/Fo冤尧最大光化学效率(Fv/Fm)和光化学猝灭系数(qP)袁有利于光合色素将捕获的光能以较快的效率及速度转化成化学能袁为碳同
2、化提供更加充足的能量曰同时增加棉花花铃期PSII开放程度和光合电子传递速率(ETR)袁促进实际光化学效率渊椎PSII冤和净光合速率的提高袁降低了初花期非辐射能的耗散袁可将捕获的光能更充分地进行光合生产袁提高了花铃后期非辐射能的耗散袁可为棉铃输送较多的光合产物袁增加了单株铃数和铃重袁提高了产量遥关键词院棉花曰氮肥施用前移曰遮荫曰光合特性曰产量中图分类号院S562文献标志码院A文章编号院1002-7807(2015冤04-0379-0610.11963/issn.1002-7807.201504011*ZhengJianchao,YanManman,ZhangJusong,ShiH
3、ongliang(830052,)TodetermineasuitablenitrogentopdressingmodeforfruitingcottonandcottonintercroppinginsouthernXinjiang,China,theeffectsoffournitrogentopdressingmodeswereexamined:nonitrogen(N0),nitrogentopdressingattheinitialflower-ingstage(N1),nitrogentopdressingatthefullfloweringstage(N2),an
4、dnormaltopdressing(N3).ImprovementsinFv/Fo(poten-tialactivity),Fv/Fm(maximumphotochemicalefficiency),andqP(photochemicalquenchingcoefficient)wereobservedformain-stemleaffunctionwithN2undershadeconditions.N2alsoprovedmoreefficientwhenexaminingphotosyntheticpigmentcapturingoflightenergyefficie
5、ncyandconversion,carbonassimilation,photosystemII(PSII)openness,andtheelectrontrans-portrateattheflowerandbollstage.Additionally,椎PSIIandthenetphotosyntheticratewerepromoted,non-radiantenergydis-sipationwasreducedattheinitialfloweringstage,andphotosyntheticyieldwashigherunderN2conditions.Ina
6、ddition,weob-servedhighernon-radiantenergydissipationatthelateflowerandbollstageandmorephotosyntheticproductconveyedtocot-tonbolls,aswellashigherbollnumbersperplant,bollweight,andyield.Thesedatasuggestthatnitrogentopdressingofcottonplantsatthefullfloweringstagemeritsfurtherattention.cotton;n
7、itrogentopdressingforward;shading;photosyntheticindices;yield合理的氮肥运筹是改善作物生长发育尧光合氮肥比例小可使棉花现蕾晚袁初花和吐絮早袁使[1-3][11]特性及增产的重要调控措施之一遥适当增加追生育期缩短遥现在新疆南疆林果业的快速发展袁氮比例袁可提高叶片RuBPcase活性与净光合速果棉间作模式应运而生遥但果树对棉花遮荫比较[4]率遥在棉花花铃期追施氮肥可提高主茎功能叶严重袁如6a树龄以上的杏树间作对棉花遮荫程[5-6][12
