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1、TRPLSC-777;No.ofPages9ReviewThebiosyntheticpathwaysandbiologicalscopesofplantsmallRNAs121FranckVazquez,SylvainLegrandandDavidWindels1BotanicalInstituteBasel,UniversityofBasel,Zurich-BaselPlantScienceCenter,Scho¨nbeinstrasse6,CH-4056Basel,Switzerland2Universite´deLyon,F-69003,Lyon,France;Unive
2、rsite´deSaint-Etienne,F-42000,Saint-Etienne,France;BVpam,EA3061,FranceRNAsilencingplaysacrucialroleincoordinatingtheAGOs,plantsRNAduplexesarealsoconsistentlypro-expression,stability,protectionandinheritanceoftectedfromdegradationby20-O-methylationofthe30-eukaryoticgenomes.Itcomprisesseveralme
3、chanismsterminalribosesbytheS-adenosyl-L-methionine-depend-thatinvariablydependoncoresmallRNAmoleculesentdsRNAmethyltransferase(MTase)HUAENHAN-(sRNAs)andthatachievededicatedsequence-specificCER1(HEN1)[4].functions.BiogenesisandfunctionofsRNAsgenerallyAccordingtotheinitialcriteria,sRNAsareclass
4、ifiedfollowaframeworkthatinvolvesmainproteinfamiliesdependingontheirorigin[5–7].ThesRNAsproducedfromconservedamongeukaryotes.ThemostrecentstudiesdsRNAsmadeoftwostrandsaretermedsiRNAswhilehaveprovidedstructuralinsightsintothefunctionofthosegeneratedfromthedsRNAregionsofuniquehairpin-RNAsilencin
5、gcomponents,identifiednovelplayersoffoldedRNAstrandsaretermedmiRNAs[5–7](Figure1thesepathwaysandhighlightedpossibleemergingandseeGlossary).RecentstudieshavehighlightedaclassesofsRNAregulators.Inthisreview,weintegrateblurryzoneinthenomenclaturewhicharisesfromthethesestudiestoprovideupdatedviews
6、onthebiosyn-factthatsRNAsgeneratedfromlonghairpinsarealsotheticpathwaysanddedicatedfunctionsofthenamedsiRNAs.TobringexperimentalevidencesinlineendogenoussRNAclassesofplants,emphasizingtheirwithaconsistentnomenclature,toavoidconfucionontheirspecializedscopes.origin,andtofollowtheguidelinesform
7、iRNAannotationrecentlyproposed[8],sRNAsgeneratedfromhairpins,ThemolecularframeworkofplantsRNApathwaysotherthanthosequalifiedforannotationasmiRNA-encod-Sinceitsdiscoverybyplantresearchersinthelate1980sing(MIR)genes,willbecollectivelyreferredtoa
