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1、EchocardiographyinPericardialDiseaseSamuelWann,MD,FASE,andEdwardPassen,MD,Milwaukee,Wisconsin;andChicago,IllinoisSinceitsintroductionintoclinicalcardiologyinthe1960s,echocardiographyhasbecomeanessentialandintegralpartoftheevaluationofthecardiacpatient.Dr.HarveyFeigenbaumhadaseminal
2、roleinpopularizingechocardiography.Detectionofpericardialeffusionwasoneofthefirstapplicationsofechocardiographytogainwidespreadacceptance.Overthepast40years,echocardiographyhasbecomeaubiquitous,firstlinetoolforevaluatingthepericardiumandothercardiacstructures.Keywords:Echocardiograph
3、y,Pericardium,Cardiactamponade,Cardiacconstriction1Byhisownaccount,HarveyFeigenbaumwasnotthefirsttodescribeaffectedbyavarietyofdiseaseconditionsoftenwithmajorclinical15theuseofreflectedultrasoundtodetectpericardialeffusion.Ingeconsequences.2Edler,anearlypioneerintheuseofhigh-frequenc
4、ysoundwavesforEchocardiographycanbeusefulindetectingavarietyofconditionscardiacdiagnosis,publishedthefirstultrasoundimagesofananteriorthataffectthepericardiumincluding:(1)partialorcompleteabsence3pericardialeffusionin1961.Otherinvestigatorsalsodescribedtheofthepericardium;(2)primary
5、pericardialcystsandbothprimary4-7useofcardiacultrasoundtodetectpericardialfluid,butDrFeigen-andmetastaticpericardialtumors;(3)inflammationwithsecondary8baumwasclearlyoneofthefirsttorecognizetheenormousclinicaleffusionasaresultofbacterialorviralinfection,myocardialinfarction,potentialo
6、fultrasoundfordetectingpericardialeffusion.Hisearlytrauma,uremia,neoplasm,hypothyroidism,orhigh-doseradiationstudiesusingA-mode(Figure1),M-mode,andlatertwo-dimensionalexposure;(4)pericardialtamponadethatoccurswhenthefluidechocardiography,aswellashisvisionandpassion,wereinstrumen-acc
7、umulationcausesanincreaseinpressureinthepericardialsac,talinpromotingthewidespreaduseofechocardiography,atermhepressingontheheartandinterferingwithnormalfilling/function;andhelpedpopularize,asapracticaltoolforaccurate,noninvasivedetec-(5)pericardialconstrictionasaresultofthickening,
8、fibrosis,and8-12tionofperic
