训练您对免疫学词汇的理解

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1、训练您对免疫学词汇的理解TerminologyofMedicalImmunology北京意宏安生物科技有限公司2003.6.1说明本幻灯上的免疫学词汇为学生必须掌握的基本专业词汇词汇解释来源：英文名词后标点符号为句点（.）者源于欧美经典教科书—IvanRoitt等的Immunology及Stites等的MedicalImmunology；英文名词后标点符号为冒号（:）者源于医学数据检索系统Medline的主题词(Thesaurus)的定义(TermDefinition)。作为考试中的名词解释，前者太简单，主要应参考后者并结合教材综合答题。物质性名词的解释一般英包括3部分内容：来源/分布，化学本

2、质，功能/意义。AntigenAntigen.Amoleculewhichreactswithpreformed[预先形成]antibodyandthespecificreceptorsonTandBcells.Antigens:Substancesthatarerecognizedbytheimmunesystemandinduceanimmunereaction.EpitopesEpitopes[表位].Thepartsofanantigenwhichcontacttheantigen-bindingsitesofanantibodyortheT-cellreceptor.Epitopes

3、orAntigenicDeterminants:Sitesonanantigenthatinteractwithspecificantibodies.SuperantigensSuperantigens.AntigenswhichstimulateclonesofTcellswhichhavedifferentantigenspecificity,butwhichusethesameTCRVgenes.Superantigens:Microbialantigensthathaveincommonanextremelypotent[有力的]activatingeffectonT-cellstha

4、tbearaspecificvariableregion.Superantigenscross-linkthevariableregionwithclassIIMHCproteinsregardlessofthepeptidebindingintheT-cellreceptor'spocket.Theresultisatransient[短暂]expansionandsubsequentdeathandanergy[无反应]oftheT-cellswiththeappropriatevariableregions.T-dependent/T-independentAntigensT-depen

5、dentantigensrequireimmunerecognitionbybothTandBcellstoproduceanimmuneresponse.T-independentantigenscandirectlystimulateBcellstoproducespecificantibody.AntibodyAntibody.Amoleculeproducedbyanimalsinresponsetoantigenwhichhastheparticularpropertyofcombiningspecificallywiththeantigenwhichinduceditsformat

6、ion.Antibodies:Immunoglobulinmoleculeshavingaspecificaminoacidsequencebyvirtueof[依靠]whichtheyinteractonlywiththeantigenthatinducedtheirsynthesisincellsofthelymphoidseries(especiallyPLASMACELLS),orwithanantigencloselyrelatedtoit.AllotypeAllotype[同种异型].Theproteinofanallele[等位基因]whichmaybedetectableasa

7、nantigenbyanothermemberofthesamespecies[种].ImmunoglobulinAllotypes:Hereditaryserologictypesbasedonantigenicdifferencesinthelightandheavychainsofimmunoglobulinsduetoallelicgenesinthegeneloci[位点]coding[