现代语言学名词解释

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1、.现代语言学名词解释现代语言学一绪论1Linguisitics:Linguisticsisgenerallydefinedasthescienticstudyoflanguage2Phonetics:Thestudyofsoundswhichareusedinlinguisticscommunicationiscalledphonetics.Forexample,vowelsandconsonants3Phonology”:Thestudyofhowsoundsareputtogetherandusedincommunicationiscalledphonology.F

2、orexample,phone,phoneme,andallophone.4Morphology:Thestudyofthewayinwhichmorphemesarearrangedtoformwordsiscalledmorphology.Forexample,boyand“ish”---boyish,teach---teacher.5Syntax:Thestudyofhowmorphemesandwordsarecombinedtoformsentencesiscalledsyntax.Foresample,”Johnlikelinguistics.”6Seman

3、tics:Thestudyofmeaninginlanguageiscalledsemantics.Forexample,:Thesealcouldnotbefound.Thezookeeperbecameworried.”Thesealcouldnotbefound,Thekingbecameworried.”Herethewordsealmeansdifferentthings.7Pragmatics:Thestudyofmeaningincontextofuseiscalledpragmatics.Forexample,“Ido”Theworddomeansdif

4、ferentcontext.8Sociolinguistics:Thestudyoflanguagewithreferencetosocietyiscalledsociolinguistics.Forexample,regionaldialects,socialvariationinlanguage.9Psycholinguistics:Thestudyoflanguagewithreferencetoworkingsofmindiscalledpsycholinguistics.二音系学1Phonetics:Thestudyofsoundsthatareusedinl

5、inguisticcommunicationiscalledphonetics.2Phonology:Thestudyofhowsoundsareputtogetherandusedincommunicationiscalledphonology.3Phone:Phonecanbesimplydefinedasthespeechsoundsweusewhenspeakingalanguage.Aphoneisaphoneticunitorsegement.Itdoesnotnecessarilydistinguishmeaning;somedo,somedon’t.4P

6、honeme:Phonologyisconcernedwiththespeechsoundswhichdistinguishmeaning.Thebasicunitinphonologyiscalledphoneme;itisaunitthatisofdistinctivevalue.5allophone:Thedifferentphoneswhichcanrepresentaphonemeindifferentphoneticenvironmentarecalledtheallophonesofthatphoneme.6Complementarydistributio

7、n:Thesetwoallophonesofthesamephonemeare..saidtobeincompkenebtarydistribution.7Minimalpair:Whentwodifferentformsareidenticalineverywayexceptforonesoundsegementwhichoccursinthesameplaceinthestings,thetwowordsaresaidtoformaminimalpair.8Stress:Whenacertainsyllableofawordisstr