module3Grammar

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1、GrammarTheThirdPeriodGrammarⅠ过去分词作定语和表语过去分词是非谓语动词的一种形式，表示完成和被动的动作。它在句子中可以充当表语、定语等成份。下面仅谈其作定语和表语的用法。一、过去分词作定语过去分词作定语有前置和后置两种情况。1、前置定语单个的过去分词作定语，通常放在被修饰的名词之前，表示被动和完成意义。A类：vt.的V-ed作定语被动和完成意义或单表被动意义：usedstamps=stampsthathavebeenused用过的邮票abrokencup=acupthathavebeenbroken摔破的杯子Pollutedairandwater(=

2、airandwaterthathavebeenpolluted)areharmfultopeople’shealth.Weweregivenpaintedquestionpapers.(=questionpapersthathavebeenpainted)spokenEnglish=Englishthatisspoken口头英语writtenEnglish=Englishthatiswritten书面英语B类：完成意义：（vi.的V-ed作定语不表示被动，而表示完成）boiledwater＝waterthathasboiled开（过的）水thefallenleaves＝thel

3、eavesthathavefallen落叶adevelopedcountry＝acountrywhichhasdeveloped发达国家aretiredteacher一位退休的教师【注意】使用V-ed作定语表示被修饰人/物所处的状态，“感到…的”，这些V-ed已成为adj.surprisedpeoplesatisfiedexpressionaworried/puzzledlook/face/expressionfrightenedchildrendisappointedmother【注意】单个V-ed与n./adv.构成复合adj.放在被修饰前作前置定语Eg:Englishis

4、awidely-usedlanguage.Thesearehand-madegoods.highly-developedindustryman-madesatellitestate-ownedfactorynewly-builtbuilding比较：English-speakingcountrymeat-eatinganimal2、后置定语过去分词短语作定语时，通常放在被修饰的名词之后，它的作用相当于一个定语从句。Didyouaccepttheinvitationgiven(＝thathadbeengiven)bythetourguide?Mostoftheartistsinv

5、ited（＝whohadbeeninvited）tothepartywerefromSouthAfrica(MET90)Englishisalanguagespoken(=thatisspoken)allovertheworld.Theteacherisaveryenthusiasticwomancalled(=whoiscalled)MsShen.【注意】V-ed修饰something,everything,anything,nothing,nobody等不定代词或指示代词those时，要放在这些词的后面Eg:Heisoneofthoseinvited.Thereisnoth

6、ingchangedheresinceIleftthistown.Isthereanythingplannedfortheweekend﹖二、过去分词作表语作表语的V-ed，在主-系-表句型中，说明主语所处的一种状态。其中系动词有包括be在内的多种形式。如：Youseemfrightened.你看样子受了惊吓。注意：要区别“系动词+过去分词（系表结构）”和“系动词+过去分词（被动语态）”。如：A.Thelibraryisnowclosed.图书馆现在关门了。B.Thelibraryisclosedatsix.图书馆经常在六点钟关门。Don’tusewords,expressio

7、nsorphrases____onlytopeoplewithspecificknowledge.A.beingknownB.havingbeenknownC.tobeknownD.known语法练习(一)2.ReadingisanexperiencequitedifferentfromwatchingTV;therearepictures____inyourmindinsteadofbeforeyoureyes.A.toformB.formC.formedD.havingformed3.t