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1、ChinaPekingOperaBeijingOperaisthequintessenceofChina.ThelargestChineseoperaform,itisextolledas'OrientalOpera'.Havingahistoryof160years,ithascreatedmany'firsts'inChinesedramas:theabundanceofrepertoires,thenumberofartists,operatroupesandspectators.PekingoperaofCh
2、inaisanationaltreasurewithahistoryof200years.Inthe55thyearofthereignofEmperorQianlongoftheQingDynasty(1790),thefourbigHuibanoperaTroupesenteredthecapitalandcombinedwithKunquopera,Yiyangopera,HanjuoperaandLuantaninBeijing'stheareticalcircleofthetime.Pekingoperai
3、sasynthesisofstylizedaction,singing,dialogueandmime,acrobaticfightinganddancingtorepresentastoryordepictdifferentcharactersandtheirfeelingsofgladness,anger,sorrow,happiness,surprise,fearandsadness.InPekingoperatherearefourmaintypesofroles:sheng(male)dan(youngfe
4、male),jing(paintedface,male),andchou(clown,maleorfemale).Thecharactersmaybeloyalortreacherous,beautifulorugly,goodorbad,theirimagesbeingvividlymanifested.TherepertoireofPekingoperaismainlyengagedinfairytalesofprecedingdynasties,importanthistoricalevents,emperor
5、s,ministersandgenerals,geniusesandgreatbeauties,fromtheancienttimestoYao,Shun,Yu,theSpringandAutumnPeriod,theWarringStatesPeriodandthedynastiesofQin,Han,Sui,Tang,Song,Yuan,Ming,Qing.ThemusicofPekingoperaisthatofthe"plateandcavitystyle".Itsmelodywithharmoniousrh
6、ythmsisgracefulandpleasingtotheears.Theperformanceisaccompaniedbyatuneplayedonwindinstruments,percussioninstrumentsandstringedinstruments,thechiefmusicalinstrumentsbeingjinghu(atwo-stringedbowedinstrumentwithahighregister),yueqin(afour-stringedpluckedinstrument
7、withafull-moon-shapedsoundbox),Sanxian(athree-stringedpluckedinstrument),suonahorn,flutedrum,big-gong,cymbals,small-gong,etc.ThecostumesinPekingoperaaregraceful,magnificent,elegantandbrilliant,mostofwhicharemadeinhandicraftembroidery.AsthetraditionalChinesepatt
8、ernareadopted,thecostumesareofahighaestheticvalue.Thetypesoffacialmake-upsinPekingoperaarerichandvarious,depictingdifferentcharactersandremarkableimages,thereforetheyarehigh
