扶芳藤育种中60Coγ射线辐射效应与杂交技术的初步研究

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1、摘要扶芳藤(Euonymusfortunei(Turcz．)Hand．-Mazz．)属卫矛科卫矛属常绿阔叶藤本植物，广泛用于绿化和水土保持。本文研究了“c0Y射线对扶芳藤种子和枝条辐射效应，筛选了不同性状突变株。对红脉型、宽瓣型扶芳藤和胶东卫矛进行了初步杂交试验。种子辐射剂量为O、60、80、100⋯200Gy，每处理300粒种子。枝条辐射剂量为0、20、40⋯1606y，每处理210根插穗。辐射剂量率均为1．3lGy／min。种子辐射后，出苗率、存苗率、高生长与辐射剂量在O．Ol水平负相关。匍匐株型最多的剂量为160Gy。半致死剂量为128．56Gy。枝条辐射后插穗生根

2、情况和长度均与剂量在0．01水平负相关。辐射明显抑制幼芽萌发。随剂量增大，直立型植株减少，倾斜和匍匐型增加。剂量为80Gy时，倾斜和匍匐生长的最多，且冬季绿叶植株多于其他剂量。枝条半致死剂量为95．54Gy。辐射诱发大量突变体，对突变株和对照DNA的PCR扩增出不同结果，突变材料DNA扩出带型与对照都有差异。杂交亲本中，胶东卫矛花期早于红脉、宽瓣扶芳藤，均在温度低于2012时开花最多。红脉、宽瓣花粉活力接近，二者明显高于胶东卫矛花粉活力。结实率宽瓣型(旱)X红脉型(¨最高，三种母本的人工授粉结实率高于自然授粉。宽瓣型(旱)×胶东卫矛(6)种子出苗率最高，红脉型(早)×胶东

3、卫矛(6)最低。关键词：扶芳藤：辐射效应；杂交育种；突变体；PCR：花粉活力北京市科技新星项目“扶芳藤种质资源评价及抗旱抗寒新品种选育”(2003818)。StudiesofIrradiationEffectsof60co1rRayandCrossingTechniqueonEuonymusfortunei(Turcz．)Hand．·Mazz．AbstractEuonymusfortuneibelongstoEuonymus,Celastraceae。whichw豁、“delyusedinverticalgreeningandwaterconservationengine

4、ering．Thispaperhasstudiedirradiationeffectsof60CoTrayonseedsandbranchesofEuonymusfortunei．Differentcharactermutants呲filtered．Atthesametime．crossexperimentationweredoneamong点fortunei'Hongmai3．E,fortunei'Kuanban：andE，kiautschovicusLoes．ThedosagesOilseedswere0、60、80。·’200Gy,andeachdosagehad3

5、00seeds．Branches’dosageswere0、20、40⋯160Gy,andeachdosagehad210branches．Thedosagerateswere1．3lGy／minboth．Afterseedswereirradiated，itsemergencerate，survivingrateandheightofseedlingswerenegativecorreladon谢t11irradiationdosage俾<0．01)．Afterirradiatedwith160Gy,espaliergrowthformWaSmostinallother

6、dosage．Halflethaldosagewas12856Oy．Afterbrancheswereirradiated，thenumberandlengthofbranchrootsweresignificantlynegativecorrelationwithirradimiondosage．60CoYrayhadsignificantlycontroleffectonchitgermination．Withtheincreaseofdosagetherateoferectplantsdecreasedandcreepingplantsincreased．Thenu

7、mbersofslanlwiseandcreepingplantsirradiatedwith80Gyweremorethanotherdosages．Therateofgreenplantsinwimerwassignificantlyhigherthanotherdosages．Branches’halflethaldosagewas95．54Gy．Thereweremanycharactermutantsafterirradiated．ThePeRresultsofmutantsandcheck’SDNAweredifi