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1、SCIENTIFICWRITINGBOOKLETSCIENTIFICWRITINGBOOKLETTABLEOFCONTENTSGeneralGuidelines2-3titleabstractrulesforscientificwritingUsinganOutlinetoPrepareYourPaper3descriptionofanoutlinevalueoftheoutlinedevelopingtheoutlineWordUsageinScientificWriting4-8Grammar8ActiveversusPassiveVoiceinWriting9-11w
2、hentouseactivevoicewhentousepassivevoiceactive-passiveexerciseWritingtheIntroduction11-12WritingtheMethods13-14WritingtheResultsandDiscussion14-19resultssectionnumbersandstatisticstablesfiguresdiscussionsectionPreparingtheReferenceSection20-22examplesofcitationformatsexamplesofreferencefor
3、matsAnswerstoActive-PassiveExercise23SourcesforFurtherInformation24websitesbooksources1GENERALGUIDELINESAscientificpaperisawrittenreportdescribingoriginalresearchresults.Theformatofascientificpaperhasbeendefinedbycenturiesofdevelopingtradition,editorialpractice,scientificethicsandtheinterp
4、laywithprintingandpublishingservices.Ascientificpapershouldhave,inproperorder,aTitle,Abstract,Introduction,MaterialsandMethods,Results,andDiscussion.TitleAtitleshouldbethefewestpossiblewordsthataccuratelydescribethecontentofthepaper.Omitallwastewordssuchas"Astudyof...","Investigationsof...
5、","Observationson...",etc.Indexingandabstractingservicesdependontheaccuracyofthetitle,extractingfromitkeywordsusefulincross-referencingandcomputersearching.Animproperlytitledpapermayneverreachtheaudienceforwhichitwasintended,sobespecific.Ifthestudyisofaparticularspecies,nameitinthetitle.If
6、theinferencesmadeinthepaperarelimitedtoaparticularregion,thennametheregioninthetitle.AbstractAwellpreparedabstractshouldenablethereadertoidentifythebasiccontentofadocumentquicklyandaccurately,todetermineitsrelevancetothereader'sinterests,andthustodecidewhethertoreadthedocumentinitsentirety
7、.Theabstractshouldsuccinctlystatetheprincipalobjectivesandscopeoftheinvestigationwherethesearenotobviousfromthetitle.Moreimportantly,theabstractshouldconciselysummarizetheresultsandprincipalconclusions.Theabstractshouldnotincludedetailsofthemethodsemployedunle
