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1、第三讲真核菌概述真菌界、色藻界、原生动物界中的菌类肉眼难以见到的一类生物的总称包括：真菌、藻物、原生动物、古细菌、细菌、病毒、类病毒微生物microbe真菌Eumycota色藻Chromistan原生动物Protozoa古菌Archie细菌Bacteria病毒Virus类病毒Viroid真核菌要点1.真核菌简介2.真核菌的生物学和生长3.藻物4.真菌–接合菌Zygomycetes5,6.真菌-子囊菌Ascomycetes7,8.地衣Lichens.8,9.酵母Yeasts10-12.真菌–担子菌Basidiomycetes13.腐败和分解Decayanddecompositio
2、n14,15.真核菌的遗传FungalGenetics16.菌根真菌Mycorrhizae17.真核菌和食物FungiandFood18,19.植物病原真核菌PlantPathogenicFungi20,21真核菌的生态FungalEcology22,23真核菌与健康FungiandHealth真菌界Eumycota真核生物Eukaryotes真细菌界Eubacteria古细菌界Archaebacteria原生动物界Protozoa原核生物Prokaryotes植物界Plantae动物界Animalia藻物界ChromistaProtoctista(单细胞生物)真核菌类多细胞二
3、倍体multicellulardiploids多细胞单倍体(multicellularhaploids)细胞生物七界1.色藻界Chromista.1)非真核菌包括褐藻brownalgae(kelps),绿藻greenalgae,黄绿藻yellow-greenalgae,金藻goldenalgae,diatoms2)真核菌卵菌OomycetesDistinguishedbyflagellatype(onewhiplash尾鞭andonetinsel茸鞭),oftenhavechlorophyll叶绿素candwallsmadeofcellulose纤维素andothermater
4、ials(butnotchitin).Manyareunicellular单细胞的.2.真菌界EumycotaOnlycontainsfungi.Wallsofchitin（几丁质）,mostlynoflagellae（鞭毛）Vastmajorityoffungiarehere.DifferinDNAsequence真核菌的两个界TheImportanceofFungi1.Dofungiattackhumans?Example?2.Canyouname3fungaldiseasesofplants3.Canyounameafungal'disease'ofabuilding.4
5、.WhatfunguscausedsomanyIrishpeopleto emigratetoBoston,NewYorketc?5.Namesomefood/beverageswhichinvolve fungi.Answers1.Namesomefungaldiseasesofhumansathletesfoot,jockitch,ringwormAnswers2.Namesomefungaldiseasesofplantsapplescab,chestnutblight,cornsmut,potatoblight,wilts,mildews,rustsetc.Answer
6、s3.Namesomefungal'diseases'ofbuildingswetrot,dryrot,bathroommildewBrownrot-fungusproducesonlycellulases.Whiterot-fungusproducesligninasesANDcellulasesAnswers4.WhyaretheresomanyIrishpeopleinBoston,NewYorketc?PotatoanditsparasitePhytophthorainfestansbothoriginatedinPeru.-reachedbalance.Potatoi
7、ntroducedtoEurope1500’sOvernext250yrsbredfortasteetcbutnotresistance.Dependentonpotato.Solefoodforseveralmillionpeople. Bymid-1800’spotatoblightatlastappearedandin1844/45warmhumidweatherleadtoitwipingoutcrop-disaster. Result-starvation,manydeaths-o
