常见病急症处理

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1、急症处理：1.高热        10%~25%安乃近2~3滴每侧滴鼻      复方氨基比林  2ml    im  st！      柴胡          2~4ml  im  st！      口服可选用阿司匹林，复方阿司匹林，对乙酰氨基酚（扑热息痛）及吲哚美辛（消炎痛）      冬眠疗法：氯丙嗪  25mg  im  st！                  异丙嗪  25mg  im  st！2.上消化道出血    A.积极补充血容量    （1）右旋糖酐-40  500ml  静滴                

2、        （2）输入足量全血，另开通路  B  止血药          （1）肝硬变食道胃底静脉曲张破裂出血                      5%葡萄糖  500ml                                            静滴0.2~0.4U/分                      垂体后叶素  6~8U                      10%葡萄糖    10ml                                                  

3、静脉推注即继而以25~50ug/小时的速度持续静滴                    奥曲肽（善得定）  0.1ml                  （2）消化性溃疡出血                        处方一：  生理盐水  20ml                                                      静推  每12小时一次                                    雷尼替丁  0.15                        处方二：

4、  生理盐水        20ml                                                                  静推  QD                                  奥美拉唑（洛赛克）  40mg                        处方三：  去甲肾上腺素      8mg                                                                  分次口服或经胃管注入胃内     

5、                               冰盐水          150ml                      处方四：  生理盐水        20ml                                                                  口服4~6小时/次                                  凝血酶          2000u注：同时可以应用酚磺乙胺（止血敏）、氨基己酸、氨甲苯酸（止血芳酸）等常规止血药。3.过敏性休克

6、  处方一：  肾上腺素        1mg    皮下注射  st！                            极严重时        生理盐水  10ml                                                                  静推  st！                                              肾上腺素  1mg                处方二：  生理盐水        10ml               

7、                                             静推  st！                            地塞米松        5~10mg                            或生理盐水        250ml                                                                静滴  st！                            氢化可的松        200~400mg  

8、        （1）扩容      低分子右旋糖酐    500ml    静滴  st！（2）保持呼吸道通畅，给氧，必要时行气管内插管或气管切开（3）抗组胺药物应用，如异丙嗪，苯海拉明等4.颅内高压症  （1）  脱水治疗