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大小:361.00 KB
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时间:2019-05-14
《磷酸一铵氢氧化钾生产磷酸二氢钾20140225》由会员上传分享,免费在线阅读,更多相关内容在教育资源-天天文库。
1、磷酸一铵氢氧化钾生产磷酸二氢钾一、反应原理NH4H2PO4+KOH=KH2PO4+NH3+H2O115561361718845.59411.761000125132.35各物质在水中溶解度Kg/KgH2O溶解度kg/kgH2O温度℃KH2PO4NH4H2PO4K2SO4KOH00.1480.2270.07350.976100.1830.29530.09221.02200.2260.37360.11111.12300.2800.46410.12971.26400.3350.56740.14761.35500.4070.68
2、010.1650600.5010.82480.18171.48700.6050.99200.1975800.7041.18340.2141.62900.7851.4280.2281000.8351.73220.2411.79NH4H2PO4与KOH进行复分解反应,采用蒸发脱氨方法使反应趋于完全。溶解度图二、NH4H2PO4溶液配制利用浓缩蒸汽冷凝水配制NH4H2PO4溶液,以1000kg结晶为基准,溶液温度为60℃。NH4H2PO4结晶组成物料名称物料量(kg)分率%干基分率%NH4H2PO4934.793.4798.3
3、9(NH4)2HPO41.40.140.15(NH4)2SO412.21.221.29(NH4)2SiF61.30.130.14不溶物杂质0.40.040.04干基∑950.095.00100H2O50.05.00∑100010060℃时NH4H2PO4在水中溶解度为82.48g/100gH2O,934.7kgNH4H2PO4需水量为934.7/0.8248=1133.24kg。为防止溶液降温有结晶析出,水过量5%,即加入水量为1189.90kg,取水量为1200kg。溶液成分表物料名称物料量(kg)分率%kg/kgH2
4、ONH4H2PO4934.742.490.7478(NH4)2HPO41.40.060.0012(NH4)2SO412.20.550.0098(NH4)2SiF61.30.060.0010不溶物杂质0.40.02干基∑950.043.18H2O1250.056.82∑2200100三、反应物料平衡(以1000kg磷酸一铵结晶为计算基准,配制溶液量为2200kg)主要化学反应NH4H2PO4+KOH=KH2PO4+NH3+H2O115561361718934.7455.161105.38138.17146.30(NH4)2
5、SO4+2KOH=K2SO4+2NH3+2H2O1322×561742×172×1812.2010.3516.083.143.33(NH4)2SiF6+2KOH=K2SiF6+2NH3+2H2O1782×562202×172×181.300.821.610.250.26(NH4)2HPO4+2KOH=K2HPO4+2NH3+2H2O1322×561742×172×181.401.191.850.360.38总消耗KOH量:455.16+10.35+0.82+1.19=467.52kg总生成NH3量:138.17+3.14
6、+0.25+0.36=141.92kg总生成H2O量:146.30+3.33+0.26+0.38=150.27kg生成KH2PO4量:1105.38kg生成K2SO4量:16.08kg生成K2SiF6量:1.61kg生成K2HPO4量:1.85kg消耗40%KOH量:467.52/40%=1168.80kg,其中水701.28kg物料平衡表反应物生成物磷酸一铵溶物料质量物料质量分率%液NH4H2PO4934.7KH2PO41105.38(NH4)2HPO41.4K2SO416.08(NH4)2SO412.2K2SiF61
7、.61(NH4)2SiF61.3K2HPO41.85不溶物杂质0.4NH3141.92干基∑950.0不溶物杂质0.40H2O1250.0H2O2101.55∑2200∑3368.79碱液KOH467.52H2O701.28∑1168.80∑3368.80反应生成物组成物料名称物料量(kg)分率%Kg/kgH2OKH2PO41105.3832.810.5260K2SO416.080.480.0077K2SiF61.610.05K2HPO41.850.05NH3141.924.21不溶物杂质0.400.01∑干1267.2
8、437.62H2O2101.5562.38∑3368.79100四、汽提脱氨浓缩浓缩终点的确定浓缩液沸点温度为113℃,在地下槽时温度降为10℃,输送管路温度降为2℃,为安全起见(防止在管路中结晶堵塞管道),当混合溶液温度降至90℃时为饱和溶液。KH2PO4在90℃时溶解度0.785kg/kgH2O则浓缩终点混合溶液
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