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1、ProfessionalPaperWritingChapterIGeneralIntroduction2021/7/191JohnLangan---anAmericanEnglish WritingTeacherIreceivedaCforthefirstessay.Scrawledbesidethegradewasthecomment,“notbadlywritten,butill-conceived”Iremembergoingtotheinstructorafterclass,askingabouthisc
2、ommentaswellasthewordLogthathehadaddedinthemarginatvariousspots.“Whatarealltheselogsyouputinmypaper?”Iasked,tryingtomakeajokeofit.2021/7/192Helookedatmealittlewonderingly.“Logic,Mr.Langan,”Heanswered,“logic.”HewentontoexplainthatIhadnotthoughtoutmypaperclearl
3、y.Therewereactuallytwoideasratherthanoneinmythesis,onesupportingparagraphhadnothingtodowitheitheridea,anotherparagraphlackedatopicsentence,andsoon.I’veneverforgottenhislastwords:2021/7/193“Ifyoudon’tthinkclearly,”hesaid,“youwon’twriteclearly.”Iwasspeechless,a
4、ndIfeltconfusedandangry.Ididn’tlikebeingtoldthatIdidn’tknowhowtothink.Iwentbacktomyroomandreadovermypaperseveraltimes.Eventually,Idecidedthatmyinstructorwasright.“Nomorelogs,”Isaidtomyself.“I’mgoingtogettheselogsoutofmypapers.”Myinstructor’sadvicewasinvaluabl
5、e.Ilearnedthatclear,disciplinedthinkingisthekeytoeffectivewriting.2021/7/194Clear,disciplinedthinkingisthekeytoeffectivewriting.2021/7/195Fourlogical,easilyfollowedsteps1.Discoveraclearlystatedpoint,orthesis(ortopic,opinion).2.Providelogical,detailedsupportfo
6、ryourthesis.3.Organizeandconnectyoursupportingmaterial.4.Reviseandeditsothatyoursentencesareeffectiveanderror-free.2021/7/196.steps+prewritingandrevision=strongpaper2021/7/1971.Classificationofprofessionalpapersreportpaperresearchpapercoursepaper(termpaper)th
7、esispaper(dissertation)etc.2021/7/198KindsofResearchPapers1．引用与论题有关的事实和资料，作出综述。2．在所引用的事实和资料的基础上展开分析、论证、得出写作者自己的结论。2021/7/199TheStructureofaResearchPaperAuthor/Affiliation(unit)（署名）Abstract（摘要）Keywords（关键词）2021/7/1910A-modelIntroduction引言1.1Backgroundinformati
8、on背景介绍1.2LiteratureReview文献回顾1.3Problems指出问题1.4Purpose提出问题1.5Value研究价值1.6Organization结构2021/7/1911正文(Body)1.Methodology实验方法---Theoreticalanalysis/experimentaldescription,2.Results实验结果3.An
