《大学生英语阅读》unit6part2 What Are the Four Functions of Management

《《大学生英语阅读》unit6part2 What Are the Four Functions of Management》由会员上传分享，免费在线阅读，更多相关内容在教育资源-天天文库。

1、Unit1WhatAretheFourFunctionsofManagement?1Intheearlypartofthiscentury,aFrenchindustrialistbythenameofHenriFayolwrotethatallmanagersperformfivemanagementfunctions.Theyplan,organize,command,coordinateandcontrol.Inthemid-1950s,twoprofessorsatUCLAusedthef

2、unctionsofplanning,organizing,staffing,directing,andcontrollingastheframeworkforatextbookonmanagementthatfortwentyyearswasunquestionablythemostwidelysoldtextonthesubject.Themostpopulartextbooksstillcontinuetobeorganizedaroundmanagementfunctions,though

3、thesehavegenerallybeencondensedtothebasicfour:planning,organizing,leading,andcontrolling.Letusbrieflydefinewhateachofthesefunctionsencompasses.Keepinmindbeforewebegin,however,that,althoughwewilllookateachasanindependentfunction,managersmustbeabletoper

4、formallfourfunctionssimultaneouslyandthateachfunctionhasaneffectontheothers.Thatis,thesefunctionsareinterrelatedandinterdependent.2Ifyoudon’tmuchcarewhereyouwanttogetto,thenitdoesn’tmatterwhichwayyougo,astheCheshireexplainedtoAliceinWonderland.Sinceor

5、ganizationsexisttoachievesomepurpose,someonehastodefinethatpurposeandthemeansforitsachievement.Amanageristhatsomeone.Theplanningfunctionencompassesdefininganorganization’sgoals,establishinganoverallstrategyforachievingthosegoals,anddevelopingacomprehe

6、nsivehierarchyofplanstointegrateandcoordinateactivities.Settinggoalskeepstheworktobedoneinitsproperfocusandhelpsorganizationalmemberskeeptheirattentiononwhatismostimportant.3ManagerslikeCarolBartzareallresponsiblefordesigninganorganization’sstructure.

7、Wecallthismanagementfunctionorganizing.Organizingincludesdeterminingwhattasksaretobedone,whoistodothem,howthetasksaretobegrouped,whoreportstowhom,andwheredecisionsaretobemade.4Weknowthateveryorganizationcontainspeople.Anditispartofamanager’sjobtodirec

8、tandcoordinatethosepeople.Performingthisactivityisleadingfunctionofmanagement.Whenmanagersmotivateemployees,directtheactivitiesofothers,selectthemosteffectivecommunicationchannel,orresolveconflictsamongmembers,theyareengaginginleading.5Thefina