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1、INVITEDPAPERZero-Crossing-BasedUltra-Low-PowerA/DConvertersA/Dconvertersthatcanimmediatelydetectwhentheinputvoltageiszero,promisegreatlyreducedpowerconsumptionandeliminationofgainandstabilityconcerns.ByHae-SeungLee,FellowIEEE,LaneBrooks,MemberIEEE,andCharlesG.Sodini,FellowIEEEABSTRACT
2、Sincethef
3、irstdemonstrationofacomparator-players,amongmanyothers,hasmadepowerconsumptionbasedswitched-capacitorcircuit,analog-to-digital(A/D)con-oneofthemostimportantperformanceparametersinvertersbasedonvirtualgrounddetectionhavemadesteadyelectroniccircuits.Thesizeandweightofbatteriesisandsignificantprog
4、ress.Comparatorshavebeenreplacedbyanimportantconsiderationinportableelectronics.Inzero-crossingdetectors,leadingtothedevelopmentofzero-contrasttotheadvancesinelectroniccircuits,batterycrossingbasedcircuitsforfasterspeedandlowerpower.Alltechnologyhasprogressedatamuchslowerpace,makingfacetsofperf
5、ormanceincludingthesamplingrate,effectivelow-powercircuitdesigncritical.Therefore,circuitandnumberofbits,noisefloor,andfigure-of-merithaveimprovedsystemdesignforlowpowerconsumptionhasreceivedsubstantially.Thispaperfocusesonrecentimplementationsofincreasingattentioninrecentyears.Avaststridehasbe
6、enzero-crossingbasedA/Dconvertersanddiscussesthetechni-madeinloweringpowerconsumptionandimprovingcalissuesuniquetotheseA/Dconvertersaswellassolutionsperformanceandfunctionalitysimultaneously.Suchprog-thathavebeendevelopedtoimprovetheirperformanceandresshasbeenmadepredominantlyindigitalcircuitsa
7、ndpracticality.Aseriesofprototypedesignswhoseperformancesystemsthroughthecombinationoflow-powerdesignrangesfrom8bit,200MS/sto12bit,50MS/saredescribed.techniquesandfabricationtechnologyscaling.TheultimatelowpowerpotentialsoftheseA/DconvertersareMostreal-worldsignalssuchassoundandimagesarecompare
8、dwithvariousdifferenttypesofcomplementaryanalogsignals.Microphonesandimagesensorsconvertmetal–oxide–semiconductorA/Dconvertersfromafundamen-thesesignalsinitiallytoanalogsignals.Signalsusedindatatalthermalnoisestandpoint.storageand
