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1、非谓语动词(一)不定式非谓语动词有三种形式:不定式,动词ing形式(v-ing)及过去分词(ed分词)。不定式的基本形式是由“to+动词原形”构成,其否定形式是nottodo,不定式可以带自己的宾语或状语,构成不定式短语,没有人称和数的变化,但有时态和语态的变化,不定式在句中可作主语、表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语,不作谓语。如:Lucyaskedhimtoturnuptheradio.Tomakeaplanfirstisagoodidea.1.动词不定式不失动词的特点,有时态和语态的变化,不定式有六种形式,以write为例:语态时态主动态被动态一般式towritetobewri
2、tten完成式tohavewrittentohavebeenwritten进行式tobewriting 完成进行式tohavebeenwriting (1)不定式的时态:①不定式所表达的动作与谓语动词同时发生或是在谓语动词之后发生,不定式用一般式,如:Itseemsthatheknowsthis.Heseemstoknowthis.IhopethatI'llseeyouagain.Ihopetoseeyouagain.②不定式所表达的动作与谓语动词同时发生,并强调动作正在进行的情景,或持续性,不定式用进行式,如:Hepretendedthathewaslisteningt
3、oEnglishcoursewhenIcamein.HepretendedtobelisteningtoEnglishcoursewhenIcamein.IamverygladthatIamworkingwithyou.Iamverygladtobeworkingwithyou.③不定式的动作发生在谓语动词之前,不定式用完成式,如:IamsorrythatIhaveputyousomuchtrouble.Iamsorrytohaveputyousomuchtrouble.ItseemsthatIhavemetyousomewherebefore.Iseemtohaveme
4、tyousomewherebefore.④如果强调不定式所表示的动作从过去某一时刻起一直持续到某一时刻,不定式用完成进行时,强调动作的持续性,不强调结果。如:Sheseemstohavebeenreadingthenovelforthreehours.Therainwassaidtohavebeenfallingforaweek.(2)不定式的语态:当不定式的逻辑主语与不定式是被动关系时,不定式一般用被动式。如:Thisistheplantobediscussedattoday'smeeting.Thenovelissaidtohavebeentranslatedintoseve
5、rallanguages.Whethermostcountriescanusenaturalenergyinfutureremainstobeseen.2.不定式的作用(1)不定式作主语:Tosayisonething;todoisanother.Toreadnovelsismyhobby.it形式主语常常代替作主语的不定式,而将不定式或不定式短语放在后面。Totalkwithhimisagreatpleasure.Itisgreatpleasuretotalkwithhim.Tomakeelectricitybybuildingadamacrosstheseaispossib
6、le.Itispossibletomakeelectricitybybuildingadamacrossthesea.注意:①Toseeistobelieve.主语和表语都是不定式,不能用it代替:Itistobelievetosee是错误的。②Toanswercorrectlyismoreimportantthantofinishquickly.而finish与finishing放在than后面都是不合适的,因为前面句子的主语是toanswer,后面的主语也要是tofinish,保持than前后句子结构平行。(2)不定式作表语:不定式在系词后面作表语。Atthattimehi
7、sjobwastowritereportsforthenewspaper.Thissuitdoesn'tseemtofitme.Theproblemsremaintobeunsettled.(3)不定式作宾语:在下列及物动词后,常跟不定式作宾语:want,need,hope,wish,expect,like,hate,try,manage,forget,remember,know,begin,start,intend,plan,mean,pretend,prefer,agree,